{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:30:12Z","timestamp":1777530612989,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs","award":["W81XWH-16-1-0606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-1-0606"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated whether the cardioprotective, volatile gas anesthetic agent, isoflurane, could improve survival and organ function from hemorrhagic shock in an experimental rat model, compared to standard nonvolatile anesthetic agent ketamine\/xylazine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sprague Dawley rats (both genders) were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal ketamine\/xylazine (K\/X, 90 and 10 mg\/kg; n = 12) or isoflurane (5% isoflurane induction and 2% maintenance in room air; n = 12) for anesthesia. Blood was withdrawn to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at 30 mm Hg for 1 hour, followed by 30 minutes of resuscitation with shed blood. Rats were allowed to recover and survive for 6 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the shock phase, the total withdrawn blood volume (expressed as % of estimated total blood volume) to maintain a level of hypotension of 30 mm Hg was significantly higher in the isoflurane group (51.0% \u00b1 1.5%) than in the K\/X group (45.3% \u00b1 1.8%; P = .023). Recovery of blood pressure during the resuscitation phase was significantly improved in the isoflurane group compared to the K\/X group. The survival rate at 6 weeks was 1 (8.3%) of 12 in rats receiving K\/X and 10 (83.3%) of 12 in rats receiving isoflurane ( P &lt; .001). Histology performed at 6 weeks demonstrated brain infarction in the 1 surviving rat receiving K\/X; no brain infarction occurred in the 10 surviving rats that received isoflurane. No infarction was detected in heart, lung, liver, or kidneys among the surviving rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Isoflurane improved blood pressure response to resuscitation and resulted in significantly higher long-term survival rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248420919221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T06:08:20Z","timestamp":1586930900000},"page":"346-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Different Effects of Volatile and Nonvolatile Anesthetic Agents on Long-Term Survival in an Experimental Model of Hemorrhagic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wangde","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianru","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Carreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-0544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Kloner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of the Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80008-5"},{"key":"bibr2-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.3.893"},{"key":"bibr3-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.5.1641"},{"key":"bibr4-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-019-06860-6"},{"key":"bibr5-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000197"},{"key":"bibr6-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.102"},{"key":"bibr7-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199708000-00024"},{"key":"bibr8-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.63.80"},{"key":"bibr9-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0198-3"},{"key":"bibr10-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.06.037"},{"key":"bibr11-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.05.002"},{"key":"bibr12-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318212266b"},{"key":"bibr13-1074248420919221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009337941"},{"key":"bibr14-1074248420919221","first-page":"451","volume-title":"Modern Anesthetics. 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