{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:48:44Z","timestamp":1780339724691,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DOACs are characterized by a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and this may be different among males and females. Female patients were underrepresented in the DOAC pivotal trials. We aimed to assess real-world differences in gastrointestinal bleeding with oral anticoagulants (DOACs and VKAs) among males and females with atrial fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a population-based retrospective analysis on linked administrative claims. Atrial fibrillation patients of 65 years and above were considered. Bleeding risk factors were assessed through HASBED and previous history of gastrointestinal disease. A time-to-event analysis compared gastrointestinal bleeding between males and females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall cohort consisted of 15338 (55% female) DOAC and 44542 (50% female) VKA users. Most of the patients showed HASBED \u22652. Incidence rate of GI bleeding was higher in females as compared to males among DOAC users (0.90% vs 0.59%), and significant gender difference in GI bleeding was found, after adjustment, in the Cox regression analysis (HR 1.48, 95%CI 1.02-2.16). In the VKA group, no significant difference among genders was found in the time-to-event analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest that female patients treated with DOACs have a higher risk of GI bleeding versus male patients; this difference is not observed in VKA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484211054609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T05:23:46Z","timestamp":1641533026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Gender Related Differences in Gastrointestinal Bleeding With Oral Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Eliana","family":"Ferroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Department (SER), Veneto Region, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6484-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gentian","family":"Denas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Clinic, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Department (SER), Veneto Region, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Department (SER), Veneto Region, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Pengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Clinic, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.171"},{"key":"bibr2-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.01.004"},{"key":"bibr3-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968792"},{"key":"bibr4-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv598"},{"key":"bibr5-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.066"},{"key":"bibr6-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.10.035"},{"key":"bibr7-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(19)30361-5"},{"key":"bibr8-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018771264"},{"key":"bibr9-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1584"},{"key":"bibr10-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339"},{"key":"bibr11-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-10-0635"},{"key":"bibr12-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.015689"},{"key":"bibr13-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvy026"},{"key":"bibr14-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.962688"},{"key":"bibr15-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000756"},{"key":"bibr16-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013173"},{"key":"bibr17-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv161"},{"key":"bibr18-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12529"},{"key":"bibr19-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62343-0"},{"key":"bibr20-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.029"},{"key":"bibr21-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144314"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr22-10742484211054609","first-page":"233","volume":"21","author":"Wertheimer AI","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr23-10742484211054609","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2109"},{"key":"bibr24-10742484211054609","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. 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