{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T06:16:48Z","timestamp":1777529808850,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) continue to be the principal anticoagulants for both the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. The use of VKA often requires regular monitoring to avoid over-anticoagulation and prevent thromboembolic complications. The aim was to determine the indication for VKA use and factors associated with suboptimal anticoagulation control among patients in northern Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a retrospective cohort study that examined the anticoagulation data of patients on long-term VKA from 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      January 2020 to 31\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      December 2022. Eligible participants were those on VKAs for at least 7 days and with at least 3 international normalized ratio (INR) results. The level of anticoagulation control was determined through the calculation of the time-in-therapeutic range (TiTR) using the Rosendaal and the percent of INR in therapeutic range methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TiTR was found to be 17% using the direct method and 16% using the Rosendaal formula. 102 tests out of 365 were within the target range (28%). Absence of health insurance (aRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.44, P\u2009=\u2009.007), alcohol consumption (aRR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.15-1.62, P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and prolonged intervals between tests of 14 to 28 days (aRR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74, P\u2009=\u2009.018) showed association with INR being out of range.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who achieved target therapeutic anticoagulation control were less than the acceptable 65%. Anticoagulation outcomes were better in patients with frequent INR monitoring and those with health insurance. Alcohol consumption carries a high risk of poor anticoagulation control. Further studies are needed to enforce better INR control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484251315104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T04:30:16Z","timestamp":1737520216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitamin K Antagonist Use and Level of Anticoagulation Control Among Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6380-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Gharib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7812-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abid M.","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faryal M.","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia S.","family":"Muhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette A.","family":"Marandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman J.","family":"Kyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliasa K.","family":"Ndale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venance P.","family":"Maro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Howlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elifuraha W.","family":"Mkwizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nyasatu G.","family":"Chamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furaha S.","family":"Lyamuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elichilia R.","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kajiru G.","family":"Kilonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007"},{"key":"bibr2-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227458"},{"key":"bibr3-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-007-0106-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr4-10742484251315104","first-page":"5S","volume":"95","author":"Hirsh J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"bibr5-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.750000"},{"key":"bibr6-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2008.09.016"},{"key":"bibr7-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH13-06-0443"},{"key":"bibr8-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.204S"},{"key":"bibr9-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/U7164E0XH5UERKRV"},{"key":"bibr10-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600026"},{"key":"bibr11-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057166"},{"key":"bibr12-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14768"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr13-10742484251315104","first-page":"15","volume":"31","author":"Minzi O","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tanzania Med J"},{"key":"bibr14-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2020.1734452"},{"key":"bibr15-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2018.v108i6.13062"},{"key":"bibr16-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3769"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr17-10742484251315104","first-page":"1360","volume":"21","author":"Lieber CS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-10742484251315104","first-page":"40","volume":"23","author":"Weathermon R","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Heal"},{"key":"bibr19-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00416-9"},{"key":"bibr20-10742484251315104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5045\/br.2021.2020083"},{"key":"bibr21-10742484251315104","first-page":"635","volume":"59","author":"Horton JD","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10742484251315104","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10742484251315104","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10742484251315104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:40:38Z","timestamp":1777394438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10742484251315104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10742484251315104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10742484251315104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-2484","1940-4034"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-2484","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-4034","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"10742484251315104"}}