{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1791147951179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) and its prophylaxis with an oral anti-edema and antithrombotic agent (Pycnogenol\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Horphag, Research Management SA, Geneva, Switzerland) in long-haul flights, in subjects at moderate to high-risk of DVT and SVT. The study pre-included 244 pre-selected subjects; 211 were included (33 were excluded for several reasons due to logistic problems) and 198 completed the study; 13 subjects were lost for follow-up at the end of the flight, all for non-medical problems (i.e., for difficult connections). All subjects were scanned within 90 minutes before the flight and within 2 hours after disembarking. Subjects were supplemented with 100 mg Pycnogenol\u00ae per capsule. Treatment subjects received two capsules between 2 and 3 hours before flights with 250 mL of water; two capsules were taken 6 hours later with 250 mL of water and one capsule the next day. The control group received comparable placebo at the same intervals. The flight duration was on average 8 hours and 15 minutes (SD 55 min) (range, 7.45-12.33). In the control group there were five thrombotic events (one DVT and four superficial thromboses) while only nonthrombotic, localized phlebitis was observed in the Pycnogenol\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    group (5.15% vs. no events; p&lt;0.025). The ITT (intention to treat) analysis detects 13 failures in the control group (eight lost to follow up + five thrombotic events) of 105 subjects (12.4%) vs. five failures (4.7%; all lost, no thrombotic events) in the treatment group (p&lt;0.025). No unwanted effects were observed. In conclusion, this study indicates that Pycnogenol\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    treatment was effective in decreasing the number of thrombotic events (DVT and SVT) in moderate-to-high risk subjects, during long-haul flights.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/107602960401000410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,31]],"date-time":"2006-03-31T17:34:07Z","timestamp":1143826447000},"page":"373-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevention of Venous Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis in Long-Haul Flights with Pycnogenol\u00ae"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Belcaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Cesarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rohdewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dugall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ruffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Acerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Vinciguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Di Renzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. M.","family":"Errichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cerritelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L\u2019Aquila University, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2000.1101"},{"key":"atypb2","author":"Perry K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Guardian"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195401282500404"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(77)90097-3"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)92078-6"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.440"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90134-1"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02878-6"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580248602600108"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"930","volume":"65","author":"Landgraf H","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aviat Space Envir Med"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320320043028"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90548-Z"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03165-2"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3170(01)74673-1","volume":"53","author":"Belcaro G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Angeiologie"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970105200601"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970205300101"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"II","volume":"104","author":"Belcaro G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)80940-8"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Anonymous. 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Il problema dell\u2019edema e della trombosi in voli di lunga durata.\n                      Ediz Minerva Medica\n                      , Turin 2001."},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"Thulesius O. 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