{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:20:14Z","timestamp":1777479614529,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular thrombosis, both arterial and venous, is a condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are multiple risk factors for thrombosis, both congenital and acquired, and in the majority of cases, these risk factors are not modifiable. Over the past 2 decades, multiple drugs (both illegal and legal) have been associated with increased risk of thrombosis. However, due to limited scientific literature regarding the prothrombotic tendencies of these drugs, there is a concomitant limited understanding of the pathophysiology of drug-induced thrombosis. As drugs are one of the few modifiable risk factors for thrombosis, further study and dissemination of knowledge regarding drug-associated and drug-induced thrombosis are essential and have the potential to lead to decreased future incidence of thrombosis. The mechanisms at the basis of the thrombophilic activity of these drugs are variable and sometimes still ill recognized. Increased levels of clotting factors, reduction in coagulation natural inhibitors, decreased fibrinolysis, activated clotting factors, increased blood viscosity, endothelial damage, and increased platelet number and activation are the most frequent causes. Arterial steal or coronary arteries no flow has also been implicated. In some cases due to the intake of several drugs, more than one mechanism is present in a given patient. The purpose of the present review is to analyze all the drugs demonstrated to be potentially thrombotic. It is hoped that a prudent use or nonuse of these drugs might result in a reduction of thrombosis-associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029616652724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T08:39:09Z","timestamp":1465979949000},"page":"775-785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Drug-Induced Thrombophilic or Prothrombotic States: An Underestimated Clinical Problem That Involves Both Legal and Illegal Compounds"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Girolami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Tasinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Santarossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Girolami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medicine, Padua City Hospital, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bibr1-1076029616652724","first-page":"441","volume":"111","author":"Kl\u00f6cking HP","year":"1984","journal-title":"Folia Haematol Int Mag Klin Morphol Blutforsch"},{"key":"bibr2-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230601156237"},{"key":"bibr3-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-013-0054-6"},{"key":"bibr4-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1654091"},{"key":"bibr5-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2011.09.007"},{"key":"bibr6-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000235891"},{"key":"bibr7-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00063-011-0015-8"},{"key":"bibr8-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4087-0.00071-1"},{"key":"bibr9-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093642"},{"key":"bibr10-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-006-5732-0"},{"key":"bibr11-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2006.01299.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12682"},{"key":"bibr13-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12457"},{"key":"bibr14-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-011-0603-8"},{"key":"bibr15-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199212000-00013"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-1076029616652724","first-page":"268","volume":"110","author":"Dal Bo Zanon R","year":"1983","journal-title":"Folia Haematol Int Mag Klin Morphol Blutforsch"},{"key":"bibr17-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199904000-00006"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr18-1076029616652724","first-page":"3662","volume":"87","author":"Boscaro M","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr19-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90166-3"},{"key":"bibr20-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105173442007"},{"key":"bibr21-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2921"},{"key":"bibr22-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107602960401000308"},{"key":"bibr23-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-007-0066-0"},{"key":"bibr24-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2015.07.007"},{"key":"bibr25-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S46310"},{"key":"bibr26-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12310"},{"key":"bibr27-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-007-0009-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr28-1076029616652724","first-page":"269","volume":"16","author":"J\u00f3\u017awik M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Wieku Rozwoj"},{"key":"bibr29-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2014.927858"},{"key":"bibr30-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.11.024"},{"key":"bibr31-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2002.01607.x"},{"key":"bibr32-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029611435092"},{"key":"bibr33-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01926.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr34-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1989.tb08809.x","volume":"43","author":"Woo KS","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"bibr35-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720240023026"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr36-1076029616652724","first-page":"55","volume":"46","author":"Gobbi F","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"bibr37-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH06-07-0385"},{"key":"bibr38-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc066260"},{"key":"bibr39-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00398-3"},{"key":"bibr40-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152910790780041"},{"key":"bibr41-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1409"},{"key":"bibr42-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740330903117271"},{"key":"bibr43-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181f0e87d"},{"key":"bibr44-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4245"},{"key":"bibr45-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V72.3.1074.bloodjournal7231074"},{"key":"bibr46-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683995"},{"key":"bibr47-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2007.03.016"},{"key":"bibr48-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.118078"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr49-1076029616652724","first-page":"309","volume":"37","author":"Satake R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"bibr50-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(05)80001-5"},{"key":"bibr51-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2011.06.003"},{"key":"bibr52-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029613485154"},{"key":"bibr53-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0381"},{"key":"bibr54-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.086017"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr55-1076029616652724","first-page":"74","volume":"32","author":"Sachdeva R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr56-1076029616652724","first-page":"586","volume":"36","author":"Thomas JE","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tex Heart Inst J"},{"key":"bibr57-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80832-0"},{"key":"bibr58-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169900188"},{"key":"bibr59-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP60130"},{"key":"bibr60-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.06.013"},{"key":"bibr61-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169900261"},{"key":"bibr62-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.09.013"},{"key":"bibr63-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq225"},{"key":"bibr64-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh437"},{"key":"bibr65-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1289168"},{"key":"bibr66-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-0264-2"},{"key":"bibr67-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2011.08.010"},{"key":"bibr68-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.13-S3-11"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr69-1076029616652724","first-page":"44","volume":"48","author":"Karabinos IK","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr70-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255448"},{"key":"bibr71-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-150078"},{"key":"bibr72-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09227.x"},{"key":"bibr73-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.07.006"},{"key":"bibr74-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.09.013"},{"issue":"8644","key":"bibr75-1076029616652724","first-page":"938","volume":"1","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr76-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616630"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr77-1076029616652724","first-page":"49","volume":"139","author":"Pentimone F","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"bibr78-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442516"},{"key":"bibr79-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190400015675"},{"key":"bibr80-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32832b27e6"},{"key":"bibr81-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2007.01405.x"},{"key":"bibr82-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098612452291"},{"key":"bibr83-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj133779"},{"key":"bibr84-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656329"},{"key":"bibr85-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.311S"},{"key":"bibr86-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-955463"},{"key":"bibr87-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-08-0711"},{"key":"bibr88-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2012.00710.x"},{"key":"bibr89-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-09-0573"},{"key":"bibr90-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-11-0722"},{"key":"bibr91-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000323943"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr92-1076029616652724","first-page":"785","volume":"13","author":"Semeraro F","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr93-1076029616652724","first-page":"394","volume":"68","author":"Akyuz F","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"bibr94-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4321\/S1130-01082013000500007"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr95-1076029616652724","first-page":"735","volume":"22","author":"Nazir L","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"bibr96-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0210-4806(07)73595-7"},{"key":"bibr97-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960221122"},{"key":"bibr98-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)00015-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr99-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.3909\/ricm0560","volume":"12","author":"Megalla S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"bibr100-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.12.033"},{"key":"bibr101-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.05.011"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr102-1076029616652724","first-page":"249","volume":"51","author":"Pinto LM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"bibr103-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2012.73.4.231"},{"key":"bibr104-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657909010604"},{"key":"bibr105-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.08.012"},{"key":"bibr106-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.04.167"},{"key":"bibr107-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.200"},{"key":"bibr108-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.11.077"},{"key":"bibr109-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(02)00012-7"},{"key":"bibr110-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009935"},{"key":"bibr111-1076029616652724","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000368073"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Applied Thrombosis\/Hemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1076029616652724","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1076029616652724","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1076029616652724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:06:21Z","timestamp":1777385181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1076029616652724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1076029616652724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1076029616652724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-0296","1938-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-0296","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]}}}