{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:20:53Z","timestamp":1777479653864,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at high risk of renal dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidity. The association between cystatin C and renal function is well known, however, cystatin C has recently emerged as a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and adverse outcomes in patients with and without kidney disease, mostly related to both inflammation and atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine cystatin C levels in 53 children and adolescents with SCD compared to 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls and assess its relation to markers of hemolysis, iron overload, sickle vasculopathy, and carotid intima\u2013media thickness (CIMT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with SCD in steady state were studied, focusing on hydroxyurea therapy, hematological profile, serum ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), urinary albumin\u2013creatinine ratio (UACR), and serum cystatin C. Echocardiography and CIMT were assessed using high-resolution ultrasound. Heart disease was defined by systolic left ventricle dysfunction (shortening fraction &lt;30% or ejection fraction &lt;55%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carotid IMT was significantly higher in patients with SCD compared to controls ( P &lt; .001). Patients with SCD having nephropathy, heart disease, or history of frequent sickling crisis (\u22653 attacks\/y) had significantly higher cystatin C levels than those without ( P &lt; .05). Patients with SCD treated with hydroxyurea had lower cystatin C levels than untreated patients ( P = .039). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, UACR, ejection fraction, and CIMT were independently related to cystatin C in multiple regression analysis. The cutoff values of cystatin C for detection of renal or cardiovascular complications were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cystatin C may be considered a biological marker for vascular dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in SCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029616665921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T21:39:01Z","timestamp":1472679541000},"page":"1010-1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical Predictive Value of Cystatin C in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: A Marker of Disease Severity and Subclinical Cardiovascular Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Azza Abdel Gawad","family":"Tantawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira Abdel Moneam","family":"Adly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman Abdel Rahman","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Abdelazeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804411"},{"key":"bibr2-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21162"},{"key":"bibr3-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.07.001"},{"key":"bibr4-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2082CI"},{"key":"bibr5-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17192-4"},{"key":"bibr6-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900"},{"key":"bibr7-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00806.x"},{"key":"bibr8-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811123392007"},{"key":"bibr9-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.116"},{"key":"bibr10-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.10.1695"},{"key":"bibr11-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20672"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr12-1076029616665921","first-page":"e229","volume":"1","author":"Mariani M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Cell Signal"},{"key":"bibr13-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.21665"},{"key":"bibr14-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.5.875"},{"key":"bibr15-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519609088795"},{"key":"bibr16-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.82.1.71"},{"key":"bibr17-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0033-6"},{"key":"bibr18-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2014.07.018"},{"key":"bibr19-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.15.1787"},{"key":"bibr20-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000033833.54884.34"},{"key":"bibr21-1076029616665921","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2015.1006137"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr22-1076029616665921","first-page":"1013","volume":"62","author":"Wethers DL.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr23-1076029616665921","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski JL. 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