{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:51:17Z","timestamp":1788817877287,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Endothelial damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in \u03b2-thalassemia intermedia (\u03b2-TI). Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is an antiangiogenic protein that induces endothelial dysfunction by adhering to and inhibiting VEGF and placenta growth factor. The aim of this study was to assess the level of sFLT-1 in 35 children and adolescents with \u03b2-TI, correlating it with markers of hemolysis and iron overload as well as cardiopulmonary complications. Patients were studied focusing on the history of cardiac disease, splenectomy, transfusion, chelation\/hydroxyurea therapy, serum ferritin, and sFLT-1 levels. Echocardiography and measurement of carotid intima\u2013media thickness (CIMT) were done for all participants. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 was significantly higher in TI patients compared to the control group (median [interquartile range], 110 [80-155] pg\/mL versus 70 [60-90] pg\/mL; P &lt; .001). Splenectomized patients and those who had pulmonary hypertension risk or heart disease had higher sFLT-1 levels than those without ( P &lt; .001). The sFLT-1 cutoff value that differentiates patients with and without pulmonary hypertension risk or heart disease was determined. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 was lower among patients who received chelation therapy and\/or hydroxyurea. Significant positive relations were observed between sFLT-1 and lactate dehydrogenase, serum ferritin, liver iron concentration, tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity, and CIMT. We suggest that sFLT-1 represents a link between angiogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Measurement of sFLT-1 as a marker of vascular dysfunction in \u03b2-TI may provide utility for early identification of patients at increased risk of cardiopulmonary complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029617692879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:53:29Z","timestamp":1487897609000},"page":"943-950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 as a Link Between Angiogenesis and Endothelial Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients With \u03b2-Thalassemia Intermedia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Azza Abdel Gawad","family":"Tantawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira Abdel 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