{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:11:14Z","timestamp":1787019074006,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with endothelial injury and hemostatic abnormalities. However, the diagnostic role of coagulation parameters and natural anticoagulants in predicting PE has not been explored in Ghana. This study assessed plasma levels of these factors as surrogate markers of PE and its subtypes. This case\u2013control study included 90 women with PE (cases) and 90 normotensive pregnant women (controls). Blood samples were drawn for the estimation of complete blood count and coagulation tests. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and the calculation of the international normalized ratio (INR) were determined by an ACL elite coagulometer while the levels of protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin III (ATIII), and D-dimers were also measured using the solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. All statistical analyses were performed using the R Language for Statistical Computing. Results showed significantly ( p\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) shortened APTT (28.25\u2005s) and higher D-dimer levels (1219.00\u2005ng\/mL) among PE women, as well as low levels of PC (1.02 \u00b5g\/mL), PS (6.58 \u00b5g\/mL), and ATIII (3.99\u2005ng\/mL). No significant difference was found in terms of PT and INR. From the receiver operating characteristic analysis, PC, PS, and ATIII could significantly predict PE and its subtypes at certain cutoffs with high accuracies (area under the curve [AUC] \u22650.70). Most women with PE are in a hypercoagulable state with lower natural anticoagulants. PC, PS, and ATIII are good predictive and diagnostic markers of PE and its subtypes (early-onset PE [EO-PE] and late-onset PE [LO-PE]) and should be explored in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296231204604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T06:52:57Z","timestamp":1696315977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Coagulation Factors and Natural Anticoagulants as Surrogate Markers of Preeclampsia and Its Subtypes: A Case\u2013Control Study in a Ghanaian Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Selina","family":"Mintaah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoch Odame","family":"Anto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Precision Health, ECU Strategic Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wina Ivy Ofori","family":"Boadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedict","family":"Sackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Antwi","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Ansah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Ekow","family":"Korsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Frimpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentine Christian Kodzo Tsatsu","family":"Tamakloe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Kuugemah","family":"Selleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Amoah","family":"Afrifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul-Razak","family":"Saasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebenezer","family":"Senu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence Agyemang","family":"Duah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Paul","family":"Amoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Boachie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorcas Asamoah","family":"Nyamekye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Sebbie","family":"Sackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Laboratory Service Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaw Amo","family":"Wiafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otchere","family":"Addai-Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.08.045"},{"key":"bibr2-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/105918"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-10760296231204604","first-page":"8","volume":"40","author":"Obed S","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ghana Med J."},{"key":"bibr4-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03761106"},{"key":"bibr5-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12085"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-10760296231204604","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Abad F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol Reprod Health"},{"key":"bibr7-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.184127"},{"key":"bibr8-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114488"},{"key":"bibr9-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.10.060"},{"key":"bibr10-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000292029"},{"key":"bibr11-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000146250.85561.e9"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr12-10760296231204604","first-page":"45","volume":"96","author":"Kupferminc M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr13-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400102"},{"key":"bibr14-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92587-3"},{"key":"bibr15-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.10.022"},{"key":"bibr16-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5752.12"},{"key":"bibr17-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029607299986"},{"key":"bibr18-10760296231204604","unstructured":"Singhal P, Agrawal V, Ingole N, Gangane N. Study of coagulation profile and platelet counts in pre eclamptic and eclamptic patients."},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr19-10760296231204604","first-page":"794","volume":"88","author":"FitzGerald MP","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc."},{"key":"bibr20-10760296231204604","unstructured":"Namavar JB, Rafiei S. Coagulation factors in severe preeclampsia. 2009."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr21-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.61186\/jcbr.6.2.12","volume":"6","author":"Boddapati A","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Basic Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr22-10760296231204604","first-page":"88","volume":"2","author":"Abass A-E","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pharm Biol Sci"},{"key":"bibr23-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog1949.2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr24-10760296231204604","first-page":"200","volume":"9","author":"Khawaja U","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Soc Obstetricians Gynaecol Pakistan"},{"key":"bibr25-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010001100011"},{"key":"bibr26-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1502-132"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr27-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2007.3168","volume":"3","author":"Giovanni L","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Sci: IJBS"},{"key":"bibr28-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2007.00550.x"},{"key":"bibr29-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.03.020"},{"key":"bibr30-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"bibr31-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.36.6.980"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr32-10760296231204604","first-page":"159","volume":"99","author":"Practice ACoO","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"bibr33-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008"},{"key":"bibr34-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/214365","volume":"2011","author":"Backes CH","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pregnancy."},{"key":"bibr35-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17987-2"},{"key":"bibr36-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2012.704109"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr37-10760296231204604","first-page":"28","volume":"14","author":"Vagdatli E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"bibr38-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(96)00095-6"},{"key":"bibr39-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjod.galenos.2019.93708"},{"key":"bibr40-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04892-9"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr41-10760296231204604","first-page":"1273","volume":"39","author":"Adeyemo M","year":"2022","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"bibr42-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr43-10760296231204604","first-page":"1723","volume":"12","author":"Khan MNS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"bibr44-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.09.050"},{"key":"bibr45-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000189309.05924.88"},{"key":"bibr46-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01158.x"},{"key":"bibr47-10760296231204604","first-page":"58","volume":"7","author":"Redman C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens: Int J Women's Cardiovasc Health"},{"key":"bibr48-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322010001100011"},{"key":"bibr49-10760296231204604","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.03.012"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Applied Thrombosis\/Hemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10760296231204604","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10760296231204604","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10760296231204604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:04:11Z","timestamp":1777385051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10760296231204604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10760296231204604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10760296231204604","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-0296","1938-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-0296","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"10760296231204604"}}