{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:07:00Z","timestamp":1781014020437,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gender sensitive medicine refers to the need to individualize epidemiology, diagnosis, knowledge of disease presentation, and therapy based also on sex and gender. An impressive amount of scientific literature deals now with sex and gender differences in disease. Not so much, yet, on individualized therapeutic approaches. Part of the reason lies in how studies that deal with the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of drugs are conducted. Often women are under-represented, and\/or no gender specific analysis of outcomes is performed. As a consequence, in many fields of medicine, not as much is known about important and life-saving drug dosage, safety and efficacy in women as in men. Oral anticoagulants are not the exception, even if new regulations are operative regarding inclusion of women in all phases of drug studies. The result is that there are many areas of uncertainty or outright confusion regarding the efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulants in women that need to be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296251347938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T12:33:36Z","timestamp":1748522016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Oral Anticoagulants in Women: What's the Difference? A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8731-6531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Maria","family":"Faioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anticoagulant Clinic, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Scimeca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anticoagulant Clinic, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024893"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"77","author":"Writing Committee Members; Otto CM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Writing Committee Members; Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC\/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(4):e25-e197.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00813-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tru.2023.100132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-22-00481.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200948030-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)00001-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"14(3):178","article-title":"Various factors influencing the enantiomers of warfarin pharmacokinetics: A systematic review of population pharmacokinetics","author":"Mahaboob S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahaboob S, Ganesh GNK, Arun KP, Rajendran SD. Various factors influencing the enantiomers of warfarin pharmacokinetics: A systematic review of population pharmacokinetics. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2023;14(3):178-186.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.66.387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2649"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"39406","article-title":"Guideline for the study and evaluation of gender differences in the clinical evaluation of drugs; notice","volume":"58","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"1993","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guideline for the study and evaluation of gender differences in the clinical evaluation of drugs; notice. Fed Regist. 1993;58:39406-39416.","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Guidance document: Considerations for Inclusion of Women in Clinical Trials and Analysis of Sex Differences: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-health-products\/drug-products\/applications-submissions\/guidance-documents\/clinical-trials\/considerations-inclusion-women-clinical-trials-analysis-data-sex-differences.htlm accessed January 30 2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"EU Clinical Trial Regulation No 536\/2014: https:\/\/eurlex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2014\/536\/2022-12-05 accessed January 30 2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.868307"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2023.10.015","article-title":"Temporal trends of enrollment by sex and race in Major cardiovascular randomized clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Sheikh H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sheikh H, Walczak N, Rana H, et al. Temporal trends of enrollment by sex and race in Major cardiovascular randomized clinical trials. CJC Open. 2023;6(2Part B):454-462.","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113572"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1302507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004450"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/rieteregistry.com\/ accessed January 30 2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00456-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2406674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","unstructured":"Review of the Literature: Primary Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Clinical Research. NIH. Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health. https:\/\/orwh.od.nih.gov\/sites\/orwh\/files\/docs\/orwh_outreach_toolkit_litreview.pdf accessed January 30 2025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02408-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","article-title":"Does sex affect anticoagulant use for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation? The prospective global anticoagulant registry in the FIELD-atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Lip GY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lip GY, Rushton-Smith SK, Goldhaber SZ, et al.; GARFIELD-AF Investigators. Does sex affect anticoagulant use for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation? The prospective global anticoagulant registry in the FIELD-atrial fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2015;8(2 Suppl 1):S12-S20.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2017.0389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13101087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1110036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Sex differences in oral anticoagulants persistence among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Ferroni E","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferroni E, Gennaro N, Carbini G, Pengo V, Zorzi M. Sex differences in oral anticoagulants persistence among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. J Sex Gender Specif Med. 2024;10(1):4-11.","journal-title":"J Sex Gender Specif Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62343-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.03.086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018771264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"532","author":"Emdin CA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emdin CA, Wong CX, Hsiao AJ, et al. Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Br Med J. 2016;532:h7013.","journal-title":"Br Med J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcu054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484211054609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl230406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0391560321999965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024013126"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.5398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/465688a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00797-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001071"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Applied Thrombosis\/Hemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10760296251347938","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10760296251347938","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10760296251347938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:05:15Z","timestamp":1777385115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10760296251347938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10760296251347938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10760296251347938","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-0296","1938-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-0296","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"article-number":"10760296251347938"}}