{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1784818975550,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major complication in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, most existing studies have focused on severe TBI, and it remains unclear whether VTE risk factors differ across injury severities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare independent risk factors for VTE among patients with mild, moderate, and severe TBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical data from 460 TBI patients admitted to a tertiary trauma center between January 2022 and December 2024. Patients were stratified by admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score into mild (GCS 13-15,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 205), moderate (GCS 9-12,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50), and severe (GCS 3-8,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 205) groups. VTE was screened by serial bedside Doppler ultrasonography of the upper and lower extremities. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed within each group to identify independent risk factors, which were then compared across groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VTE incidence was 15.1%, 28.0%, and 49.3% in the mild, moderate, and severe TBI groups, respectively (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 55.52,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Independent risk factors differed across groups: in mild TBI, length of hospital stay &gt; 14 days (OR = 4.76) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.70); in moderate TBI, length of stay &gt; 14 days (OR = 9.64), with tracheostomy showing a trend (OR = 5.68,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .054); in severe TBI, admission fibrinogen \u2265 4 g\/L (OR = 8.19), age \u2265 60 years (OR = 6.25), tracheostomy (OR = 3.56), length of stay &gt; 14 days (OR = 3.43), surgery (OR = 2.76), and central venous catheterization (OR = 2.26). Length of stay &gt; 14 days was the only common independent risk factor across all three groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VTE incidence increases substantially with TBI severity, and the spectrum of independent risk factors differs systematically across injury grades. Severity-stratified VTE prevention strategies should be considered in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10760296261472668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:59:34Z","timestamp":1784635174000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury of Different Severity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6385-9401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4058-4009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan 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