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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and is a known complication after joint arthroplasty. Orthopaedic surgeons are as concerned with the complications of postoperative bleeding as they are with the high risk of thrombosis after arthroplasty. Risk stratification allows for patient-specific regimens and has proven to offer both safety and efficacy for thromboprophylaxis, leading to excellent patient outcomes. For patients taking chronic anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, evidence-based guidelines provide added safety with respect to perioperative management of these medications. 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