{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:07:51Z","timestamp":1777932471310,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor in urinary tract infections, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli (E. coli)<\/jats:italic>\n                    serves as a prominent causative agent, more resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study focused on isolation and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    from urine samples on the basis of their biofilm-forming capacity. In the present study, a total of 804 human urine samples were collected from different clinical facilities of Faisalabad. After phenotypic and genotypic affirmation, biofilm forming potential of uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (UPEC) was determined by using microtiter plate assay (MPA) and the Congo red agar method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted, and a comparison was executed between biofilm formers and non-formers. Biofilm production by the MPA and Congo red agar methods was 88% and 68%, respectively. UPEC isolates showed maximum resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (97%), cefoparazone (93%), cefotaxime (91%), and ampicillin (90%). Significant association between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    value &lt;0.05 was observed in case of piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin B, and nalidixic acid. Biofilm producer strains were progressed for molecular characterization using polymerase chain reaction for biofilm-forming genes including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fim<\/jats:italic>\n                    H,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">csg<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bcs<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">agn<\/jats:italic>\n                    43,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pap<\/jats:italic>\n                    C, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">foc<\/jats:italic>\n                    G, which showed prevalence of 89% (118\/132), 87% (116\/132), 86% (114\/132), 81% (107\/132), 47% (61\/132), and 33% (43\/132), respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10766294251389587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T08:11:49Z","timestamp":1760688709000},"page":"24-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    : A Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"family":"Saman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abu Baker","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeeshan","family":"Nawaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58806\/ijhmr.2024.v3i12n02"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-021-00187-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00470-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02820-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MA23030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1240392"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2023.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1387497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03221-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01092-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13080788"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-024-00679-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-023-03565-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2021.100881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29261\/pakvetj\/2022.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.00046-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-020-02173-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1707-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02063"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"5987","article-title":"Detection of genes involved in biofilms formation by Escherichia coli isolated from patients suffering of urinary tract infections","volume":"20","author":"Jaber AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jaber AM, , Owaif HAA. Detection of genes involved in biofilms formation by Escherichia coli isolated from patients suffering of urinary tract infections. 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Worldwide prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates among kidney transplant patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infez Med, 2023; 31(4):466\u2013475.","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05186-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10453"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03472-5"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10766294251389587","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10766294251389587","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10766294251389587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:20:37Z","timestamp":1777684837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10766294251389587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10766294251389587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10766294251389587","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}