{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:49:39Z","timestamp":1784090979409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tigecycline, a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant bacteria, has recently faced emerging resistance mediated by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X) genes. Livestock, particularly swine, are considered potential reservoirs for these resistance determinants. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of tigecycline-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in healthy weaning pigs in Thailand. Fecal samples were collected from healthy weaning pigs in 2024. Detection of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X) genes was performed using PCR. Among the 305 fecal samples, four were positive for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) gene. A total of four\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X)-positive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates exhibited low-level resistance to tigecycline (minimum inhibitory concentration: 0.5\u20134 mg\/L). Whole-genome sequencing analysis identified the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4)-positive isolates as belonging to sequence types (STs) rST-153719, rST-59143, rST-45855, and rST-86073. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes coexisting with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) were detected, including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(6)-Id<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(3'')-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1B<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-215<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sul2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">floR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Plasmids carrying\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (X4) in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were identified as IncN (in strains NO25 and T8) and IncR (in strains C2 and OS57). This study reports the first detection of tigecycline-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    from weaning pigs in Thailand, raising significant concerns for both food animal production and public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10766294251412009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:47:42Z","timestamp":1768312062000},"page":"90-96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genetic Characterization of\n                    <i>tet<\/i>\n                    (X4)-Positive Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Weaning Pigs in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Phatthira","family":"Ainmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilasinee","family":"Inyawilert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pannika R.","family":"Niumsup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurak","family":"Khieokhajonkhet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niran","family":"Aeksiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.26.8.1099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01148-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01633-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0445-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.969769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.583341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04792-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11142010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202000014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00213-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","volume-title":"FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data","author":"Andrews S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrews S. 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