{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:08:11Z","timestamp":1777932491220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016204","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Chulabhorn Research Institute (Grant number 53500\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chulabhorn Research Institute (Grant number 53500\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen associated with severe hospital-acquired infections. The multiple drug-resistant nature of\n S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n poses significant challenges in treating infections caused by it. In this study, genomic, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence phenotypic analyses of four\n S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n clinical isolates\u2014strains SMC1291, SMC3920, SMC5345, and SMC5580\u2014were conducted. Comparative genome analysis of these strains against publicly available clinical and environmental isolates revealed its relativeness and key antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. A phylogenetic tree revealed that\n S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n SMC5345 is closely related to SMC3920, whereas SMC5580 is closely related to\n Stenotrophomonas sepilia<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014the\n S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n complex. SMC1291 exhibited resistance to trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin due to the acquisition of the antibiotic resistance genes\n sul1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n aac(6\u2019)-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n , resulting in an extensively drug-resistant strain. SMC3920 showed resistance to trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole and quaternary ammonium compounds, arising from the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes\n sul1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n qacF<\/jats:italic>\n . SMC3920 also demonstrated resistance to levofloxacin and minocycline, which was attributed to the L116Q amino acid substitution in SmeT. The combined acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes and a chromosomal mutation rendered strain SMC3920 resistant to all clinically relevant antibiotics, classifying it as a pandrug-resistant (PDR) strain. Notably,\n sul1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n aac(6\u2019)-Ib<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n qacF<\/jats:italic>\n were encoded within the mobile genetic element class 1 integron. The effects of\n sul1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n qacF<\/jats:italic>\n upon gene transfer were studied, corroborating their contribution to the antimicrobial resistance phenotype. Even though the PDR strain SMC3920 remained susceptible to aztreonam and ceftazidime\/avibactam combination, exploration of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed to combat these difficult-to-treat\n S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n infections.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10766294261426696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:59:15Z","timestamp":1772107155000},"page":"101-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Pandrug-, Extensively Drug-, and Multidrug-Resistant\n Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/i>\n Isolates from Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Punyawee","family":"Dulyayangkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veerakit","family":"Vanitshavit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parinya","family":"Tipanyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wirongrong","family":"Whangsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kisana","family":"Bhinija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisanart","family":"Charoenlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Skorn","family":"Mongkolsuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paiboon","family":"Vattanaviboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand."},{"name":"Program in Applied Biological Sciences: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00030-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0005-2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01554-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1424241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"CLSI supplement M100","author":"CLSI","year":"2024","unstructured":"CLSI. 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