{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:06:15Z","timestamp":1789689975655,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      limits treatment options and highlights the need for new antimicrobials. Although agents such as ceftazidime\u2013avibactam (CZA), ceftolozane\u2013tazobactam, imipenem\u2013relebactam, and cefiderocol have expanded therapeutic choices, resistance to these antibiotics is also emerging. Combination therapies therefore remain an important strategy. This study evaluated the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      synergistic activity of the CZA\u2013colistin (COL) combination in carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRPA) isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve clinical CRPA isolates obtained from Kocaeli University Hospital (2021\u20132022) were included. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined by broth microdilution, and synergy was assessed using the checkerboard method. Synergy categories were defined as follows fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) \u2264 0.5 synergism, 0.5 &lt; FICI \u2264 1.0 partial synergism, 1.0 &lt; FICI \u2264 4.0 indifference, and &gt;4.0 antagonism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All isolates were susceptible to colistin, whereas four were resistant to CZA. Checkerboard analysis showed partial synergy in nine of 12 isolates (75.0%), with no antagonism detected. Partial synergy was more frequent in CZA-resistant isolates (100%) than in CZA-susceptible ones (62.5%) and was notably associated with isolates carrying\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CZA\u2013COL combination may offer partial synergy, especially in CZA-resistant CRPA strains; however, broader\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and prospective studies are needed to support clinical use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10766294261463591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:09:38Z","timestamp":1782295778000},"page":"495-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ceftazidime\u2013Avibactam\/Colistin Combination Against Carbapenem-Resistant\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Synergy Indicating a Possible Therapeutic Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0298-5216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulsah","family":"Altan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, \u0130zmit, Turkiye."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devrim","family":"Dundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, \u0130zmit, Turkiye."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Wilson MG","year":"2023","unstructured":"2.Wilson MG, , Pandey S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island, FL; 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09060-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"4.World Health Organization. WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024. WHO: Geneva; 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240093461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14050526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S173455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.202498200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04266-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02432-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02067-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1098944"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02462-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e33114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.05.31.494263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.00585-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01879-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.13.2.41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","volume-title":"EUCAST guidelines for broth microdilution MIC determination. Version 5.0","author":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)","year":"2024","unstructured":"24.European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). EUCAST guidelines for broth microdilution MIC determination. Version 5.0. EUCAST; 2024. https:\/\/www.eucast.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061409"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1374466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","volume-title":"Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) report 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"27.World Health Organization. Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) report 2024. 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