{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:02Z","timestamp":1787646482425,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"ICMR","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AMR\/ADHOC\/242\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AMR\/ADHOC\/242\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a notorious opportunistic pathogen constituting a major cause of health care-associated infections worldwide. Intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics, with acquired resistance mechanisms and hypervirulence make it a critical target for genomic investigations. In this study, we investigated AMR determinants and virulence factors using WGS among five extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. XDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates isolated from bile, broncho-alveolar lavage and wound swabs were included in the study. Initially, the isolates were tested for the carbapenemase phenotype and genotype using modified Hodge test and PCR, respectively, followed by WGS. All isolates exhibited resistance to &gt;50% of the antibiotics tested. Conventional PCR analysis identified\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n                      invariably in the test isolates. Tested isolates were assigned sequence types as ST357 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2), ST773, ST1047, and ST3043. WGS identified multiple resistant genes including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-488<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>VIM-11<\/jats:sub>\n                      (P2356),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>VIM\u20132<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-395<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA50<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PM381)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">, bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>VEB-9<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-50<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PR90),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA-485<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PR126), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>-50<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PR64). Notably, all the isolates were carrying different variants of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>PDC<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The genomes were also associated with the virulence determinants, with genes encoding alginate and biofilm synthesis, quorum sensing, secretion systems, secondary metabolites, lipopolysaccharides, exotoxins, pili, and flagellar structure. All clinical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates exhibited extensive resistance and virulence gene repertoires, also enriched with efflux pumps. Sequence types ST3043 and ST1047 are reported for the first time in India, underscoring the need for continuous genomic surveillance to monitor the emergence and dissemination of high-risk clones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10766294261480779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:45:51Z","timestamp":1787391951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-Risk Clones of Carbapenem-Resistant\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    in India: Genome and Traits"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4762-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seshan","family":"Sivasankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PSG Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, India."},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, PSG Centre for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Coimbatore, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin Peter","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health \u2013 Global Health, Amsterdam Infection &amp; Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 (CERMEL), Hospital Albert Schweitzer, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon."},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tubingen, Germany."},{"name":"Masanga Medical Research Unit, Masanga, Sierra Leone."},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Sriramajayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4421-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sankarganesh","family":"Jeyaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PSG Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, PSG Institute of Medical Science and Research, Coimbatore, India."},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, PSG Centre for Genetics and Molecular Biology, Coimbatore, India."},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936115621709"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1381511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2019.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"6.WHO bacterial priority pathogens list. 2024: Bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. 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Available from: https:\/\/clsi.org\/standards\/products\/microbiology\/documents\/m100\/ [Last accessed: June19 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01298-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09722-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00684-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2024.100415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04763-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00694-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.9486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2024.105701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09759-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.23"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10766294261480779","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10766294261480779","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10766294261480779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:50:26Z","timestamp":1787644226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10766294261480779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10766294261480779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10766294261480779","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"article-number":"10766294261480779"}}