{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:18:21Z","timestamp":1790605101050,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nearly half of U.S. parents use physical punishment for child discipline. Although some studies relate physical punishment and later dysfunction, others suggest that its effects depend on the context in which it is used. The authors analyzed data from the Commonwealth Fund Survey of Parents With Young Children, a national sample of 2,017 parents with children younger than 3. Parents reported their use of spanking, five other disciplinary practices, and four nurturing interactions. The authors used cluster analysis to define four groups of parents with distinct patterns of discipline and nurturing. Two groups with above-average use of spanking shared a high prevalence of parent depressive symptoms and a low level of nurturing but had markedly different demographic profiles and use of nonphysical punishment. Parents who used average levels of spanking made frequent use of nonphysical disciplinary strategies and had high levels of nurturing interactions. Parents who reported below-average spanking had relatively low levels of both disciplinary and nurturing interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559501006002004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,10]],"date-time":"2007-03-10T21:49:30Z","timestamp":1173563370000},"page":"118-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Ethnicity, Income, and Parenting Contexts of Physical Punishment in a National Sample of Families with Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Wissow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","series-title":"Sage University paper series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07-44","volume-title":"Cluster analysis","author":"Aldenderfer, M. S."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170260068011"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Handbook of parenting:","author":"Bradley, R. H."},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Black children and poverty: A developmental perspective. New directions for child development","author":"Brice-Health, S."},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Handbook of parenting: Volume 4. Applied and practical parenting","author":"Chamberlain, P."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.4.723"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"853","volume":"98","author":"Conference Participants","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353443"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130776"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.108.1.50"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Cultural Approaches to Parenting","author":"Dunn, J."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113218"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Disciplining children in America","author":"Gallup Organization"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1995.02170180059008"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170450018003"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Global initiative to end all corporal punishment of children","author":"Hammarberg, T."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.824","volume":"98","author":"Larzelere, R. E.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131231"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"805","volume":"161","author":"MacMillan, H. L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131096"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352870"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1997.02170450027004"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199602000-00001"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006040"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families","author":"Straus, M. A."},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559599004004005"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.22.1.115"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131558"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"The commonwealth fund survey of parents with young children","author":"Young K. T."}],"container-title":["Child Maltreatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077559501006002004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077559501006002004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:51:19Z","timestamp":1777391479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1077559501006002004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1077559501006002004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559501006002004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-5595","1552-6119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-5595","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}}}