{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:23:43Z","timestamp":1784564623390,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article systematically reviews the characteristics of child maltreatment among Asian Americans and provides a theoretical explanatory framework. The reported rate of child maltreatment among Asian Americans is disproportionately low. A high rate of physical abuse and low rates of neglect and sexual abuse are found among Asian American victims. Some protective factors (e.g., the emphasis on family harmony and reputation and the indulgence to infants and toddlers) may lead to low probability of child maltreatment among Asian Americans. Some others (e.g., parental authority and beliefs in physical punishment) may be risk factors of child maltreatment, especially physical abuse. Meanwhile, many other coexisting factors (e.g., children's obedience to parents and families' invisibility to authorities) may prohibit child maltreatment from being disclosed. Therefore, the overall low reported rate of child maltreatment among Asian Americans may be a combination of low incidence and underreporting. Implications for practice and research are discussed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508326286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]],"date-time":"2008-10-30T01:26:20Z","timestamp":1225329980000},"page":"207-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Child Maltreatment Among Asian Americans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"family":"Fuhua Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Qin Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fordham University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/603930"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/585365"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0300443951060104"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.767"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.03.002"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.07.003"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"What is child abuse and neglect?","author":"Child Welfare Information Gateway.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Child maltreatment 2004 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families)","author":"Children's Bureau.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-7409(00)00077-3"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00005-7"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Questions & answers about the commercial sexual exploitation of children","author":"End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes International Network.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(88)90003-8"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00039-3"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J039v02n01_03"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.8.2.189"},{"issue":"3","key":"atypb16","first-page":"114","volume":"10","author":"Gao, X.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Race, Gender & Class"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16288-0"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559501006002009"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.5.830"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00135-X"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(91)90044-E"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Demographic trends in the 20th century (Census 2000 Special Reports, CENSR-4, Issued in November 2002)","author":"Hobbs, F.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb23","first-page":"463","volume":"70","author":"Hong, G.K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2452"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626091006003001"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022192234002"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00022-7"},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"Korbin, J.E. 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