{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:00:15Z","timestamp":1777514415953,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous research has reported associations between childhood physical abuse and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood. This article examined the role of four potential mediators (anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and coping) hypothesized to explain this relationship. Using data from a prospective cohort design, court-substantiated cases of childhood physical abuse ( N = 78) and nonmaltreated comparisons ( N = 349) were followed up and assessed in adulthood at three time points (1989\u20131995, 2000\u20132002, and 2003\u20132005) when participants were of age 29.2, 39.5, and 41.2, respectively. At age 41, average BMI of the current sample was 29.97, falling between overweight and obese categories. Meditation analyses were conducted, controlling for age, sex, race, smoking, and self-reported weight. Childhood physical abuse was positively associated with subsequent generalized anxiety, major depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms at age 29.2 and higher levels of depression and posttraumatic stress predicted higher BMI at age 41.2. In contrast, higher levels of anxiety predicted lower BMI. Coping did not mediate between physical abuse and BMI. Anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between physical abuse and BMI for women, but not for men. These findings illustrate the complexity of studying the consequences of physical abuse, particularly the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and adult health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514568892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,3]],"date-time":"2015-02-03T20:15:46Z","timestamp":1422994546000},"page":"203-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Prospective Examination of the Mechanisms Linking Childhood Physical Abuse to Body Mass Index in Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Melville M.","family":"Francis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John\u2019s University, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Nikulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queens College, Queens, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy Spatz","family":"Widom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Jay College, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1077559514568892","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders third edition revised (III-R)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr2-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.3.285"},{"key":"bibr4-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926770802250736"},{"key":"bibr5-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.160"},{"key":"bibr6-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105308095977"},{"key":"bibr7-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.166082"},{"key":"bibr8-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.4.585"},{"key":"bibr9-1077559514568892","first-page":"165","volume":"14","author":"Dave D. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics"},{"key":"bibr10-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.14.2101"},{"key":"bibr11-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414535603"},{"key":"bibr12-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511777042.010"},{"key":"bibr13-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"bibr14-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136617"},{"key":"bibr15-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0220"},{"key":"bibr16-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00091.x"},{"key":"bibr17-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.04.014"},{"key":"bibr18-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009001500008"},{"key":"bibr19-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462008000100012"},{"key":"bibr20-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.12.004"},{"key":"bibr21-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl227"},{"key":"bibr22-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.02.002"},{"key":"bibr23-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360"},{"key":"bibr24-1077559514568892","unstructured":"Hayes A. F. (2012). Process: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.afhayes.com\/public\/process2012.pdf"},{"key":"bibr25-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310766110"},{"key":"bibr26-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.9.1.126"},{"key":"bibr27-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2452"},{"key":"bibr28-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000030102.19372.52"},{"key":"bibr29-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.394"},{"key":"bibr30-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20223"},{"key":"bibr31-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2004.0015"},{"key":"bibr32-1077559514568892","first-page":"1","volume":"59","author":"Kochanek K. D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"National Vital Statistics Report"},{"key":"bibr33-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199803000-00006"},{"key":"bibr34-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.76.s2.12"},{"key":"bibr35-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19361521.2012.719593"},{"key":"bibr36-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.061409"},{"key":"bibr37-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-008-9115-4"},{"key":"bibr38-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.08.005"},{"key":"bibr39-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2010.00873.x"},{"key":"bibr40-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874297101205010013"},{"key":"bibr41-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83"},{"key":"bibr42-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1878"},{"key":"bibr43-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003293221303"},{"key":"bibr44-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-009-0040-9"},{"key":"bibr45-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2008.00106.x"},{"key":"bibr46-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McNeill L. H., Kreuter M. W., Subramanian S. V. (2006). Social environment and physical activity: A review of concepts and evidence. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 1011\u20131022. Retrieved from http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.03.012"},{"key":"bibr47-1077559514568892","volume-title":"Coping responses inventory adult professional manual","author":"Moos R. H.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr48-1077559514568892","volume-title":"Mplus user\u2019s guide","author":"Muthen L. K.","year":"1998","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr49-1077559514568892","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2014). Calculate your body mass index. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/guidelines\/obesity\/BMI\/bmicalc.htm"},{"key":"bibr50-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044042000193451"},{"key":"bibr51-1077559514568892","volume-title":"Practitioner\u2019s guide to empirically based measures of depression","author":"Nezu A. M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr52-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"bibr53-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.052"},{"key":"bibr54-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.03.049"},{"key":"bibr55-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513"},{"key":"bibr56-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-004-6087-8"},{"key":"bibr57-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1482"},{"key":"bibr58-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.2.330"},{"key":"bibr59-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.07.012"},{"key":"bibr60-1077559514568892","volume-title":"National institute of mental health diagnostic interview schedule","author":"Robins L. N.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr61-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001"},{"key":"bibr62-1077559514568892","volume-title":"Handbook of diagnostic and structured interviweing","author":"Rogers R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr63-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.11.004"},{"key":"bibr64-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.09.006"},{"key":"bibr65-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011611"},{"key":"bibr66-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(87)90031-6"},{"key":"bibr67-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.7.824"},{"key":"bibr68-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.01.003"},{"key":"bibr69-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.4.892"},{"key":"bibr70-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.12.008"},{"key":"bibr71-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318177354f"},{"key":"bibr72-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2403"},{"key":"bibr73-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1532-7795.00040"},{"key":"bibr74-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7.5.e58"},{"key":"bibr75-1077559514568892","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families. Child Maltreatment 2005 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007)."},{"key":"bibr76-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.8.1266"},{"key":"bibr77-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01671.x"},{"key":"bibr78-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2704995"},{"key":"bibr79-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300636"},{"key":"bibr80-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.49"},{"key":"bibr81-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802038"},{"key":"bibr82-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2010.12.007"},{"key":"bibr83-1077559514568892","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.2.190"},{"key":"bibr84-1077559514568892","first-page":"505","volume-title":"Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications","author":"Zeidner M.","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Child Maltreatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077559514568892","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1077559514568892","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077559514568892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:52:09Z","timestamp":1777391529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1077559514568892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1077559514568892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559514568892","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-5595","1552-6119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-5595","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]}}}