{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:00:35Z","timestamp":1792144835345,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]],"date-time":"2017-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores rates of early pregnancy and parenthood among a sample of young adults ( N = 215), ages 18\u201322, with a history of foster care. The study also compares the educational attainment, financial resources, and homelessness experiences of young adults who became parents to those who did not. By age 21, 49% of the young women became pregnant, and 33% of young men reported getting someone pregnant. Over a quarter of participants experienced parenthood, which was associated with lower educational attainment, less employment, not having a checking or savings account, and a history of homelessness. Gender moderated the association between parenthood and employment such that males who were parents were more likely than female parents to be employed. Given that these young adults were at risk of early pregnancy and parenthood regardless of emancipation status and across several racial\/ethnic groups, the results suggest a need for early pregnancy prevention efforts for all youth with child welfare involvement as well as improving resources and support for those who become young parents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559517733816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]],"date-time":"2017-10-15T21:31:23Z","timestamp":1508103083000},"page":"166-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Pregnancy and Childbearing Among Young Adults Who Experienced Foster Care"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Katie Massey","family":"Combs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Begun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Rinehart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Systems Research, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Taussig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"},{"name":"Kempe Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2009.09.001"},{"key":"bibr2-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Racial disproportionality and disparity in child welfare. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children\u2019s Bureau. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.childwelfare.gov\/pubPDFs\/racial_disproportionality.pdf"},{"key":"bibr3-1077559517733816","volume-title":"Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 21","author":"Courtney M. E.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr4-1077559517733816","volume-title":"Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Outcomes at age 19","author":"Courtney M. E.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr5-1077559517733816","volume-title":"Findings from the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH): Conditions of youth at age 19","author":"Courtney M. E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr6-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Courtney M. E., Terao S., Bost N. (2004). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Conditions of youth preparing to leave state care (pp. 1\u201360). Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago."},{"key":"bibr7-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.06.002"},{"key":"bibr8-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301455"},{"key":"bibr9-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jhr.2009.0026"},{"key":"bibr10-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2011.00372.x"},{"key":"bibr11-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.05.004"},{"key":"bibr12-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559517701856"},{"key":"bibr13-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Knight E. D., Smith J. B., Martin L. M., Lewis T. (2008). Measures for assessment of functioning and outcomes in longitudinal research on child abuse volume 5: Late adolescence (Age 18). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."},{"key":"bibr14-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Kost K., Maddow-Zimet I. (2016). U.S. teenage pregnancies, births and abortions, 2011: National trends by age, race and ethnicity. New York, NY: Guttmacher Institute. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/report\/us-teen-pregnancy-trends-2011"},{"key":"bibr15-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2010.23.25"},{"key":"bibr16-1077559517733816","volume-title":"Births: Final data for 2013","author":"Martin J. A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr17-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Massachusetts Alliance on Teen Pregnancy (2013). Living on the edge: The conflict and trauma that lead to teen parent homelessness. 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Retrieved from https:\/\/thenationalcampaign.org\/resource\/why-it-matters-teen-childbearing-education-and-economic-wellbeing"},{"key":"bibr20-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3072"},{"key":"bibr21-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.08.001"},{"key":"bibr22-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Perper K., Peterson K., Manlove J. (2010). Diploma attainment among teen mothers (Fact Sheet #2010-01). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.childtrends.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/child_trends-2010_01_22_FS_diplomaattainment.pdf"},{"key":"bibr23-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.08.004"},{"key":"bibr24-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.11.015"},{"key":"bibr25-1077559517733816","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.10.021"},{"key":"bibr26-1077559517733816","unstructured":"Ryan C. L., Bauman K. 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