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Foster and adoptive parents reported on the children\u2019s socioemotional competence and behavior problems, experimenters scored fear and positive affect to laboratory tasks, and diurnal cortisol measures were obtained. We sought to address whether these early contexts, characterized by different types of neglect and deprivation, have differential effects on young children\u2019s development. We found little support for the argument that either context results in uniformly poorer functioning soon after removal from adversity. Maltreated children were less fearful and more positive when exposed to both positive and novel events than institutionally-reared children. However, maltreated children were reported to have more behavior problems than did institutionally-reared children, and institutionally-reared children showed more typical declines in cortisol throughout the day than the maltreated children. These findings increase our ability to construct more targeted and effective interventions for these populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559518823074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:21:18Z","timestamp":1548634878000},"page":"235-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of Institutionally Reared and Maltreated Children on Socioemotional and Biological Functioning"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nicole B.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie E.","family":"DePasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan R.","family":"Gunnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1077559518823074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.2011.00628.x","volume":"76","author":"Bakermans-Kranenburg M. 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