{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:49:26Z","timestamp":1789004966116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["440.20.013 corona fast-track data grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["440.20.013 corona fast-track data grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies on the impact of COVID-19 indicate that pandemic-related distress increases risks for child maltreatment, although data on the scope of this problem are still scarce. Here, we assessed whether parents with toddlers ( n = 206) more often used harsh discipline during the lockdown in the Netherlands compared to a matched parent sample collected prior to the pandemic ( n = 1,030). Parents were matched on background characteristics using propensity score matching. We found that harsh parenting levels were significantly elevated compared to pre-pandemic levels. Harsh parenting behaviors with a low prevalence before COVID-19 increased most strongly: shaking, calling names, and calling the child stupid. These results suggest that parental tolerance for children\u2019s disobedience is lower under the adverse circumstances of COVID-19 and, as a result, abusive parenting responses are more difficult to inhibit. Thus, a lockdown seems to increase risks for child maltreatment, underscoring the need for effective support strategies for at-risk families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595211024748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T04:55:25Z","timestamp":1623905725000},"page":"156-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Higher Levels of Harsh Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Novika Purnama","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1144-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marinus H.","family":"van IJzendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry\/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Bakermans-Kranenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5147-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madelon M. 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