{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:11:29Z","timestamp":1793056289179,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to examine child maltreatment prevalence rates during the first COVID-19 related national closure of schools and childcare settings (the lockdown) in the Netherlands. Based on reports of childcare professionals and primary and secondary school teachers ( N = 444) the prevalence of child maltreatment during the 3\u00a0months of this first lockdown was estimated at almost 40,000 children, or 14 per 1,000 children. The prevalence of emotional neglect was found to be three times higher during the lockdown compared to a period without lockdown. This significant difference was reflected in overall emotional neglect as well as for two main subtypes of emotional neglect: educational neglect and witnessing domestic violence. No significant differences were found for other types of child maltreatment. Most of the reported cases of maltreatment were already problematic before the lockdown and became worse during the lockdown. The results of this study indicate that the closure of schools and childcare settings may have enormous negative consequences for vulnerable children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595211064885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T01:03:24Z","timestamp":1643763804000},"page":"13-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Child Maltreatment During School and Childcare Closure Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3459-0785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenneke R. A.","family":"Alink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4555-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila R.","family":"van Berkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10775595211064885","volume-title":"SA Police says no spike in domestic violence amid coronavirus restrictions, despite alleged murder","author":"ABC News","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr2-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e502932020-001"},{"key":"bibr3-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81720-8"},{"key":"bibr4-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Risicofactoren voor kindermishandeling: Een meta-analytisch onderzoek naar risicofactoren voor seksuele mishandeling, fysieke mishandeling en verwaarlozing [Fact sheet]","author":"Assink M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr5-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2020.104258"},{"key":"bibr6-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.35.4.320"},{"key":"bibr7-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446249222.n31"},{"issue":"3259","key":"bibr8-10775595211064885","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Biroli P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"bibr9-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/hf32q"},{"key":"bibr10-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Sluiting van groepen dreigt: PMers niet inzetbaar door wachttijd coronatest","author":"Branchevereniging Maatschappelijke Kinderopvang","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr11-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323211005748"},{"key":"bibr12-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Adviesvrager en melder Veilig Thuis, 1e halfjaar 2019","author":"Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr13-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Aantal werklozen in juni gestegen tot 404 duizend","author":"Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr15-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.20471\/dec.2020.56.02.06","volume":"56","author":"\u0110api\u0107 R. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"bibr16-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Wat kinderen bezighoudt in coronatijd hand-out periode 16 maart t\/m 12 april [Fact sheet]","author":"De Kindertelefoon","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr17-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Onderzoeksresultaten thema kindermishandeling [Fact sheet]","author":"De Kindertelefoon","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr18-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/urmt9"},{"key":"bibr19-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.07.004"},{"key":"bibr20-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559509345904"},{"key":"bibr21-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00342-3"},{"key":"bibr22-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2983411"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr23-10775595211064885","first-page":"6","volume":"26","author":"Herrenkohl T. I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"bibr24-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Meer dan 44.000 kinderen en jongeren over corona: Coronacrisis treft alle kinderen en jongeren, resultaten online-enqu\u00eate #jongerenovercorona","author":"Het Kinderrechten Commissariaat","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr25-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.126"},{"key":"bibr26-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Is domestic violence rising during the coronavirus shutdown? Here\u2019s what the data shows","author":"Li W.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr27-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000168"},{"key":"bibr28-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"bibr29-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Samenvatting onderzoek opvoeden en onderwijs in coronatijd","author":"Ouderpanel L.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr30-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jis\/3.1.34"},{"key":"bibr31-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Aanvullende maatregelen onderwijs, horeca, sport","author":"Rijksoverheid","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr32-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Corona-aanpak: De volgende stap","author":"Rijksoverheid","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr33-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559520982066"},{"key":"bibr34-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.02.017"},{"key":"bibr35-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Epidemiology: An introduction","author":"Rothman K. J.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr36-10775595211064885","volume-title":"COV\u0130D-19 karantinasindan kadinin etkilenimi ile kadin ve \u00e7ocu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddete ili\u015fkin t\u00fcrkiye ara\u015ftirma raporu","author":"Sayfa A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr37-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Fourth national incidence study of child abuse and neglect (NIS\u20134): Report to congress","author":"Sedlak A. J.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr39-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2006.03.006"},{"key":"bibr40-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Fewer domestic violence calls during COVID-19 outbreak has California officials concerned","author":"Stone A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr41-10775595211064885","volume-title":"COVID-19: Children at heightened risk of abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence amidst intensifying containment measures","author":"UNICEF","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr42-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Effecten van Corona: Een analyse op basis van de digitale hulpverlening verzorgd door \u2018Chat met Fier\u2019","author":"Van Bemmel S. R.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr43-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104439"},{"key":"bibr44-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.04.034"},{"key":"bibr45-10775595211064885","first-page":"417","volume":"41","author":"Vandeviver C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Panopticon"},{"key":"bibr46-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30095-X"},{"key":"bibr47-10775595211064885","volume-title":"Resultaten peiling Balansmeter: Helft ouders is uit balans tijdens coronacrisis","author":"Wessels E. J","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr48-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/33696"},{"key":"bibr49-10775595211064885","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/uq2pf"}],"container-title":["Child Maltreatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10775595211064885","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10775595211064885","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10775595211064885","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:53:13Z","timestamp":1777391593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10775595211064885"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10775595211064885"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10775595211064885","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-5595","1552-6119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-5595","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6119","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}