{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:09:40Z","timestamp":1778810980217,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the effects of child race, perpetrator race, and abuse disclosure status (within the context of a formal forensic interview) on abuse substantiation outcomes. Specifically, we coded child sexual abuse disclosure, abuse substantiation, and race of 315 children (80% girls, M age = 10, age range = 2\u201317; 75% White, 9% Black, 12% Biracial, 3% Hispanic, 1% Asian) who underwent a child forensic interview in a Midwestern child advocacy center. Supporting hypotheses, abuse substantiation was more likely in cases involving (a) abuse disclosure (vs. no disclosure), (b) White children (vs. children of color), and (c) perpetrators of color (vs. White perpetrators). Also supporting hypotheses, the effect of abuse disclosure on increased abuse substantiation was greater for White children than for children of color. This research suggests that even when children of color disclose their experiences of sexual abuse, they nonetheless face barriers to abuse substantiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595231157729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T04:33:35Z","timestamp":1679114015000},"page":"621-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["When Disclosure Fails to Substantiate Abuse: Child and Perpetrator Race Predict Child Sexual Abuse Substantiation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly A.","family":"Rivers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unaffiliated, Evansville, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10775595231157729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764203261072"},{"key":"bibr3-10775595231157729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42448-019-00034-5"},{"key":"bibr4-10775595231157729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psi.2015.03.002"},{"key":"bibr5-10775595231157729","volume-title":"ABA standards for criminal justice prosecution function and defense function","author":"American Bar Association","year":"1993","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr101-10775595231157729","unstructured":"American Medical Association. (2020, June 7).\n                      AMA Board of Trustees pledges action against racism, police brutality\n                      . https:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/press-center\/press-releases\/ama-board-trustees-pledges-action-against-racism-police-brutality"},{"key":"bibr6-10775595231157729","volume-title":"Role of psychology and APA in dismantling systemic racism against people of color in U.S","author":"American Psychological Association","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr7-10775595231157729","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559506289186"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-10775595231157729","first-page":"1","volume":"32","author":"Atkinson K. 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