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Because many of these factors are known correlates of child abuse and neglect, some were concerned that child abuse and neglect would significantly increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. A rigorous and comprehensive systematic review of scientific literature was conducted to triangulate hospital, child welfare, and self-report data on child maltreatment rates during COVID-19. Using PRISMA criteria for conducting systematic reviews, the current study reviewed scientific literature on changes in child maltreatment rates during COVID-19. Of the 4,193 unique studies identified, 73 studies met eligibility criteria. Data from child welfare sources suggested declining child maltreatment immediately after COVID-19 onset, while self-report studies document an increasing trend. Hospital data findings were largely mixed with more studies reporting decreased child maltreatment during COVID-19. Interpretation of child maltreatment surveillance data from COVID-19 must account for evidence from multiple data sources which could affect resulting conclusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595251370230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T23:31:58Z","timestamp":1760484718000},"page":"793-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Child Maltreatment During COVID-19: Triangulating Data Across Reporting Sources"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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