{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:50:59Z","timestamp":1791204659860,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG059823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG059823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["RO1HD049767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1HD049767"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R21HD094961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD094961"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Child maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for self-harm, yet the affective processes underlying this association remain unclear. This study examines how empathy relates to the association between early childhood maltreatment and lifetime self-harm thoughts. Data from 303 adults were stratified based on the presence or absence of maltreatment history in early childhood. Self-reports of lifetime self-harm thoughts in adulthood and empathy during adolescence were examined in both groups using generalized additive models to assess non-linear relationships. Adults with early childhood maltreatment history were more likely to report self-harm thoughts than those without the history (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 14.87,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). A significant nonlinear association was observed between empathy and self-harm thoughts (effective degrees of freedom (edf) = 2.14, \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 9.67,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .02), such that predicted probabilities of self-harm thoughts were lowest at moderate levels of empathy for both groups. Risk for self-harm thoughts was highest among individuals with early childhood maltreatment history and low or high empathy. While a moderate level of empathy can be protective from early childhood maltreatment, both low and high levels of empathy appear to increase the risk for self-harm thoughts. Findings suggest the need to further investigate the role of empathy as a \u201crisky strength\u201d among adults, particularly among those with histories of childhood maltreatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595261422448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:31:37Z","timestamp":1770150697000},"page":"617-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Empathy Helps and Hurts: Non-Linear Associations Between Early Childhood Maltreatment History, Empathy and Self-Harm Thoughts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2306-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunghyun","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan,"},{"name":"University of Michigan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Grogan-Kaylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaddy","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4381-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Lin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Fedina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7001-1544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd I.","family":"Herrenkohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.12098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559514548315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(88)90050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30891-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431620919156"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","volume-title":"Facts about suicide","author":"CDC","year":"2024","unstructured":"CDC. 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