{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:04:38Z","timestamp":1784621078660,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"First 5 LA and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Maltreat"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Guardianship is an increasingly popular alternative to adoption for children in foster care, but evidence of its long-term safety and continuity remains limited. Using California child protection system (CPS) records, the study followed all children born 1999-2005 who exited foster care to guardianship before age 18 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 16,408). Rates and predictors of post-guardianship CPS referrals and reentries were estimated and allegations were categorized as involving biological parents or guardians. Overall, 59% of children who exited to guardianship had a subsequent CPS referral and 19% reentered care. Thirty-four percent of postguardianship referrals involved alleged maltreatment by the biological parent from whom they were originally removed, and 68% involved alleged maltreatment by the guardian or another relative. Older children (ages 15\u201317) had the greatest risk of foster care reentry, while children in kin guardianship had significantly lower risk. Findings underscore the need for caregiver screening and enhanced postguardianship supports.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595261469831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T08:08:28Z","timestamp":1784362108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Permanency: Subsequent Maltreatment Referrals and Removals Among Children Exiting Foster Care to Guardianship"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5633-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8389-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7815-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6759-1701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Rebbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Font","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Putnam-Hornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","unstructured":"Adoption and Safe Families Act (1997). 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(n.d.-b). Kinship guardianship assistance. Retrieved December 20, 2023, from. https:\/\/www.cdss.ca.gov\/inforesources\/foster-care\/kinship-guardianship-assistance"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_1","unstructured":"Casey Family Programs. (2020). Why should child protection agencies adopt a kin-first approach? Retrieved from. https:\/\/www.casey.org\/kin-first-approach\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_1","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Bureau. (2001). The AFCARS report: Interim FY 1999 estimates. Retrieved from. https:\/\/cwlibrary.childwelfare.gov\/discovery\/delivery\/01CWIG_INST:01CWIG\/1218323190007651"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_1","volume-title":"Report to Congress on states\u2019 use of waivers of non-safety licensing standards for relative foster family homes. Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Administration for Children and Families","author":"Children\u2019s Bureau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Children\u2019s Bureau. (2011). 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