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Using MIDUS Refresher Biomarker and Milwaukee African American Sample data (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 696), this study examined five maltreatment types and midlife BMI categories by gender. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that physical abuse (RRR = 2.41,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), emotional abuse (RRR = 2.76,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01), and physical neglect (RRR = 1.68,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05) were associated with elevated BMI categories, with sexual abuse showing the strongest associations with both obesity (RRR = 2.56,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01) and severe obesity (RRR = 3.65,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). Gender-stratified analyses revealed differences as well, as women who experienced physical abuse (RRR = 3.01,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), emotional abuse (RRR = 3.17,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05), or sexual abuse (RRR = 4.71,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01) had increased risk of severe obesity, whereas men showed elevated obesity risk only with sexual abuse exposure (RRR = 3.86,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05). Findings underscore the need for trauma-informed, gender-sensitive approaches to obesity prevention and treatment across the lifespan.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10775595261490824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:35:31Z","timestamp":1790080531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Obesity: Gender-Specific Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7851-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harly M.","family":"Blumhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0155-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse J.","family":"Helton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5630-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe S.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci13060305"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22783"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2016.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22851"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16935-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-02015-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1554"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2021.20410"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_1","volume-title":"Adult BMI categories","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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