{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:06:31Z","timestamp":1790168791212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the correlations between everyday (nonviolent) sexism and the development of trauma symptoms in women. A total of 382 women completed a subjective measurement of the experience of sexism, a checklist of gender-based stressors (including acts of violence), a measurement of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a demographic questionnaire. Results indicated a moderately strong relationship between the experience of everyday sexism and PTSD. A stepwise multiple regression revealed that when all variables (test scores, subscale scores, and demographic characteristics) were entered, the most predictive variable for trauma was recent sexist degradation, accounting for 20% of the variance in PTSD scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801206293082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T18:39:12Z","timestamp":1157567952000},"page":"970-988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Everyday Sexism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Susan H.","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Shore Counseling Associates, Glen Cove, NY, Hunter College, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Stressors and the adjustment disorders","author":"Adams, P.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"1643","volume":"20","author":"Baum, A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Subtle sexism: Current practices and prospects for change","author":"Benokraitis, N. V.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Modern sexism: Blatant, subtle, and covert discrimination","author":"Benokraitis, N. V.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Creating sanctuary","author":"Bloom, S.","year":"1997"},{"issue":"9","key":"atypb7","first-page":"12","volume":"58","author":"Brady, K. T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Trauma Symptom Inventory\u2014Professional manual","author":"Briere, J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Personality and psychopathology: Feminist appraisals","author":"Brown, L.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"From pain to violence: The traumatic roots of destructiveness","author":"de Zulueta, F.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136536"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies","author":"Frazier, P."},{"issue":"9","key":"atypb13","first-page":"33","volume":"58","author":"Friedman, M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1993.1003"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Harvey, M. R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"PTSD Research Quarterly"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Subtle sexism: Current practices and prospects for change","author":"Haslett, B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Trauma and recovery","author":"Herman, J. L.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Feminist politics and human nature","author":"Jagger, A. M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844845"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01500.x"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1990.tb01511.x"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Gender issues in post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"Kimerling, R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Leaving abusive partners","author":"Kirkwood, C.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00086.x"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10156-000"},{"key":"atypb28","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Feminist visions of social work","author":"Kravetz, D.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Discrimination against women: Prevalences, consequences, remedies","author":"Landrine, H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_3"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Long Island almanac","author":"Long Island Regional Planning Board","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Criterion A: Can a wider range of traumas cause PTSD?","author":"Murburg, C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.3205992.16","volume-title":"Mental health, racism, and sexism","author":"Pierce, C. M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.6.984"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Personality and psychopathology: Feminist appraisals","author":"Root, M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01388340"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.3205992.19","volume-title":"Mental health, racism, and sexism","author":"Russo, N. F.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb38","first-page":"71","volume":"33","author":"Scott, M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90006-E"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.7.1020"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00200"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies","author":"Vivero, V."},{"key":"atypb43","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Wolfe, J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"The anatomy of prejudices","author":"Young-Bruehl, E.","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077801206293082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077801206293082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:48:16Z","timestamp":1777686496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1077801206293082"}},"subtitle":["A Correlational Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1077801206293082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801206293082","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}