{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:44:53Z","timestamp":1791114293105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]],"date-time":"2009-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Evan Stark claims that partner-perpetrated physical abuse and other forms of violence against women ought to be understood as a human rights violation. The authors engage Stark\u2019s rhetorically powerful political and analytical innovation by outlining one theoretical and one practical challenge to shifting the paradigm that researchers, advocates, and policy makers use to describe, explain, and remedy the harms of coercive control from misdemeanor assault to human rights violation. The theoretical challenge involves overcoming the public\/ private dichotomy that underpins liberal conceptions of human rights.The practical challenge involves using the human rights framework in the United States, given public indifference to human rights rhetoric or law, reluctance of U.S. policy makers to submit to scrutiny or justice-oriented processes under international law on issues of human rights and especially war crimes, and the consequent U.S. legacy of refusal to participate meaningfully in the international human rights process. The authors conclude that employing a human rights framework holds potential in the United States, but the paradigm shift Stark advocates will not materialize without widespread mobilization of interest in and understanding of human rights among domestic violence advocates and the society in general.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801209346958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]],"date-time":"2009-10-15T21:55:11Z","timestamp":1255643711000},"page":"1477-1489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Reframing Violence Against Women as a Human Rights Violation: Evan Stark\u2019s Coercive Control"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Libal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut, West Hartford,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut, Storrs"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Maze of injustice: The failure to protect indigenous women from sexual violence in the USA","author":"Amnesty International.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Binion, G. ( 2006). Human rights: A feminist perspective. In B. Lockwood (Ed.), Women\u2019s rights: A Human Rights Quarterly reader (pp. 70-86). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822389071"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/762496"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Integration of the human rights of women and the gender perspective: Violence against women","author":"Coomaraswamy, R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social, and cultural, including the right to development","author":"Ert\u00fcrk, Y.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Gamson, W.A. ( 1988). Political discourse and collective action. In B. Klandermans, H. Kriesi , & S. Tarrow (Eds.), International social movement research, Vol. 1 (pp. 219-244). 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And other international dialogues","author":"MacKinnon, C.A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Human rights and gender violence: Translating international law into local justice","author":"Merry, S.E.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15453\/0191-5096.3230"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886109908326742"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Justice, gender, and the family","author":"Okin, S.M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"The sexual contract","author":"Pateman, C.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Pogge, T. ( 2001). How should human rights be conceived? In P. Hayden (Ed.) The philosophy of human rights (pp. 187-210). St. Paul, MN: Paragon House."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Ralph, R.E. ( 2008). Back to the basics: Making a commitment to women\u2019s human rights. In W. F. Schulz (Ed.), The future of human rights: U.S. policy for a new era (pp. 176-192). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romany, C. ( 1994). State responsibility goes private: A feminist critique of the public\/private distinction in international human rights law. In R. J. Cook (Ed.), Human rights of women: National and international perspectives (pp. 86-115). Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press.","DOI":"10.9783\/9780812201666.85"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2095581"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195154276.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"Thomas, D. ( 2008). Against American supremacy: Rebuilding human rights culture in the United States. In C. Soohoo, C. Albisa, & M. F. Davis, (Eds.), Bringing human rights home: From civil rights to human rights (Vol. 2, pp. 1-23). 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