{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:00:19Z","timestamp":1783947619086,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006928","name":"ohio state university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Seed Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This qualitative study explores the experiences of client-perpetrated violence toward female sex workers in Kathmandu, Nepal. Individual interviews were conducted with 30 female sex workers. Data were analyzed using qualitative coding methods and thematic development. Two main themes emerged. Contexts in which client-perpetrated violence corresponded with (a) conditions associated with exchange of services, and (b) alcohol use. The first theme involved five factors: negotiating condom use, number of clients, requesting payment, length of service time, and negotiating sex acts. Alcohol use by clients and\/or sex workers exacerbated violence. Implications for practice and research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801219832117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]],"date-time":"2019-03-07T11:35:04Z","timestamp":1551958504000},"page":"249-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Client-Perpetrated Violence Toward Female Sex Workers in Kathmandu"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Brieanne","family":"Beaujolais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Social Work, Columbus, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Kaloga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Economic and Community Development Institute, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharvari","family":"Karandikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Social Work, Columbus, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay B.","family":"Gezinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradipta","family":"Kadambari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal School of Social Work, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kipa","family":"Maskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepal School of Social Work, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315601665"},{"key":"bibr2-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315601665"},{"key":"bibr3-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.736607"},{"key":"bibr4-1077801219832117","first-page":"552","volume-title":"The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods","author":"Brodsky A. E.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr5-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511431439"},{"key":"bibr6-1077801219832117","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2014","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr7-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646207782212342"},{"key":"bibr8-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2010.01265.x"},{"key":"bibr9-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7285.524"},{"key":"bibr10-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.037846"},{"key":"bibr11-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.096834"},{"key":"bibr12-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301909"},{"key":"bibr13-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129550126948"},{"key":"bibr14-1077801219832117","volume-title":"Intimate partner violence: Economic costs and implications for growth and development","author":"Duvvury N.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr15-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00053.x"},{"key":"bibr16-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/382250"},{"key":"bibr17-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.085217"},{"key":"bibr18-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61830-4"},{"key":"bibr19-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.08.019"},{"key":"bibr20-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.03.005"},{"key":"bibr21-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062290"},{"key":"bibr22-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S123928"},{"key":"bibr23-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5296\/ijsw.v1i1.5011"},{"key":"bibr24-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2012.0024"},{"key":"bibr25-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0"},{"key":"bibr26-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005191"},{"key":"bibr27-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-19"},{"key":"bibr28-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801211407431"},{"key":"bibr29-1077801219832117","volume-title":"Nepal demographic and health survey 2016","author":"Nepal Ministry of Health, New ERA, &amp; ICF","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr30-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843x.109.1.20"},{"key":"bibr31-1077801219832117","volume-title":"Qualitative methods in social work research","author":"Padgett P.","year":"2017","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr32-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.11.013"},{"key":"bibr33-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-764"},{"key":"bibr34-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a811"},{"key":"bibr35-1077801219832117","first-page":"44","volume-title":"The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods","author":"Rodgers B. L.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr36-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370812453410"},{"key":"bibr37-1077801219832117","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"Salda\u00f1a J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr38-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0957-y"},{"key":"bibr39-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2939"},{"key":"bibr40-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.129858"},{"key":"bibr41-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031705"},{"key":"bibr42-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.2.137.29393"},{"key":"bibr43-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088610990001500402"},{"key":"bibr44-1077801219832117","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques","author":"Strauss A.","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr45-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017500"},{"key":"bibr46-1077801219832117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08221-1"},{"key":"bibr47-1077801219832117","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century","author":"Winter D. A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr48-1077801219832117","unstructured":"World Bank. (2012). HIV\/AIDS in Nepal. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2012\/07\/10\/hiv-aids-nepal"},{"key":"bibr49-1077801219832117","volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr50-1077801219832117","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2016). Violence against women. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs239\/en\/"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077801219832117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1077801219832117","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077801219832117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:53:31Z","timestamp":1777686811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1077801219832117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1077801219832117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801219832117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,7]]}}}