{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:02:31Z","timestamp":1789106551273,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12-13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explored associations of age of first victimization, sexual violence (SV), physical violence (PV), polyvictimization, and mental distress among females in Nigeria ( n\u2009=\u20091,766, 13\u201324 years old) using the nationally representative 2014 Nigeria Violence Against Children Survey. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed. Nigerian females reporting SV victimization and polyvictimization were more likely to experience higher mental distress. The older the female was at the time of PV victimization, the greater the risk for mental distress. Violence is prevalent in Nigeria and its impact on youth's health is severe. However, evidence-based and data-driven policies and programs can reduce and prevent violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012211038973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T07:34:20Z","timestamp":1639380860000},"page":"2992-3012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations Among Age of First Experience of Violence, Type of Victimization, Polyvictimization, and Mental Distress in Nigerian Females"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7744-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"NaeHyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"National SafeCare Training and Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"National SafeCare Training and Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Massetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"National SafeCare Training and Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Self-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"National SafeCare Training and Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research of Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.09.019"},{"key":"bibr2-10778012211038973","author":"Akin-Odanye E. O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Sciences, 3(2), 109-124"},{"key":"bibr3-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-018-0240-1"},{"key":"bibr65-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.05.006"},{"key":"bibr4-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.01.004"},{"key":"bibr66-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.09.006"},{"key":"bibr67-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v11n04_02"},{"key":"bibr68-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.11.1238"},{"key":"bibr5-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001757"},{"key":"bibr6-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wbro\/lky002"},{"key":"bibr7-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.09.010"},{"key":"bibr8-10778012211038973","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). (2020).\n                      Africa: Nigeria\u2014The world factbook\n                      . Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/print_ni.html"},{"key":"bibr69-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020284"},{"key":"bibr70-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.11.014"},{"key":"bibr9-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1198-3"},{"key":"bibr10-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v18i2.2"},{"key":"bibr11-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.08.022"},{"key":"bibr12-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.08.009"},{"key":"bibr13-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.02.022"},{"key":"bibr14-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.005"},{"key":"bibr15-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.02.021"},{"key":"bibr16-10778012211038973","author":"Fan A. 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(2017).\n                      The relationship between childhood polyvictimization and subsequent mental health and substance misuse outcomes for incarcerated women\n                      (2016-58391-156; Issues 11-A(E)) [ProQuest Information & Learning]. psyh. https:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib&db=psyh&AN=2016-58391-156&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=gsu1"},{"key":"bibr76-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08974454.2015.1023486"},{"key":"bibr36-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517744843"},{"key":"bibr37-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.08.028"},{"key":"bibr38-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2013.12.009"},{"key":"bibr39-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300168"},{"key":"bibr40-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.314.7115"},{"key":"bibr41-10778012211038973","unstructured":"Mcleod I. (2019).\n                      Ban corporal punishment in schools in Nigeria\n                      . Change.Org. https:\/\/www.change.org\/p\/nigerian-ministry-of-education-ban-corporal-punishment-in-schools-in-nigeria"},{"key":"bibr42-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2015.07.001"},{"key":"bibr43-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-17-00144"},{"key":"bibr44-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559519859080"},{"key":"bibr45-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003056"},{"key":"bibr46-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0580"},{"key":"bibr47-10778012211038973","unstructured":"National Population Commission of Nigeria. (2016).\n                      Violence against children in Nigeria: Findings from a National Survey, 2014\n                      . 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SAMHSA. https:\/\/store.samhsa.gov\/product\/Helping-Children-and-Youth-Who-Have-Experienced-Traumatic-Events\/SMA11-4642"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr54-10778012211038973","first-page":"67","volume":"22","author":"Samms-Vaughan M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health & Medicine"},{"key":"bibr55-10778012211038973","author":"Schwab-Reese L. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"bibr56-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2267108"},{"key":"bibr57-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6815a3"},{"key":"bibr58-10778012211038973","author":"Thompson E. 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World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/inspire-seven-strategies-for-ending-violence-against-children"},{"key":"bibr63-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.08.038"},{"key":"bibr64-10778012211038973","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.09.004"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012211038973","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012211038973","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012211038973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:55:04Z","timestamp":1777686904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012211038973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12-13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012211038973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012211038973","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]}}}