{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1793248181770,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reports variation in safety perceptions in transit environments, based on samples of university students in 18 cities on six continents who responded to an identical 45-question survey ( N= 13,323 university students). We explore potential links between students\u2019 fears and sexual victimization and conclude that sexual harassment affects their behavior and mobility. Student mobility was affected by avoidance strategies prompting some transit riders to travel at particular times, on travel routes and settings that are deemed especially risky, or even avoiding using transit completely. Findings highlight the importance of city\u2013country contexts for transit safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801221992874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T14:59:21Z","timestamp":1614783561000},"page":"26-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Fear of Sexual Harassment and Its Impact on Safety Perceptions in Transit Environments: A Global Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5302-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vania","family":"Ceccato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Loukaitou-Sideris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1077801221992874","first-page":"311","volume-title":"The urban fabric of crime and fear","author":"Alexander C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr2-1077801221992874","first-page":"103","volume":"38","author":"Austin T. L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Transportation Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr3-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ball K. S., Wesson C. J. (2017). Perceptions of unwanted sexual behaviour on public transport: Exploring transport density and behaviour severity. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 19(3), 199\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41300-017-0026-3","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-017-0026-3"},{"key":"bibr4-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Risk society: Towards a new modernity","author":"Beck U.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr5-1077801221992874","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Preventing mass transit crime","author":"Block R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr6-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047733"},{"key":"bibr7-1077801221992874","first-page":"105","volume":"11","author":"Bradet C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"D\u00e9viance et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9"},{"key":"bibr8-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cates J. A., Dian D. A., Schnepf G. W. (2003). Use of protection motivation theory to assess fear of crime in rural areas. Psychology, Crime & Law, 9(3), 225\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1068316021000072184","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316021000072184"},{"key":"bibr9-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Moving safely: Crime and perceived safety in Stockholm\u2019s subway stations","author":"Ceccato V.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr10-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceccato V. (2017). Women\u2019s victimisation and safety in transit environments. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 19(3), 163\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41300-017-0024-5","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-017-0024-5"},{"key":"bibr11-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429290244"},{"key":"bibr12-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Trygghet i kollektivtrafiken i Stockholm i ett internationellt perspektiv.En handlingsplan mot sexuella trakasserier och brott i transitmilj\u00f6er","author":"Ceccato V.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr13-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceccato V., Uittenbogaard A. C. (2014). Space\u2013time dynamics of crime in transport nodes. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(1), 131\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00045608.2013.846150","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2013.846150"},{"key":"bibr14-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ceccato V., Uittenbogaard A. C., Bamzar R. (2011). Security in Stockholm\u2019s underground stations: The importance of environmental attributes and context. Security Journal, 26(1), 33\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/sj.2011.32","DOI":"10.1057\/sj.2011.32"},{"key":"bibr15-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury S., van Wee B. (2020). Examining women\u2019s perception of safety during waiting times at public transport terminals. Transport Policy, 94, 102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranpol.2020.05.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2020.05.009"},{"key":"bibr16-1077801221992874","unstructured":"Crenshaw K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989, Article 8. https:\/\/chicagounbound.uchicago.edu\/uclf\/vol1989\/iss1\/8"},{"key":"bibr17-1077801221992874","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Gendered mobilities","author":"Cresswell T.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr18-1077801221992874","first-page":"311","volume-title":"The urban fabric of crime and fear","author":"Dymen C.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr19-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk","author":"Ferraro K. F.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr20-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraro K. F. (1996). Women\u2019s fear of victimization: Shadow of sexual assault? Social Forces, 75(2), 667\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sf\/75.2.667","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/75.2.667"},{"issue":"40","key":"bibr21-1077801221992874","first-page":"601","volume":"40","author":"Furstenberg J. F. F.","year":"1971","journal-title":"The American Scholar"},{"key":"bibr22-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardner N., Cui J., Coiacetto E. (2017). Harassment on public transport and its impacts on women\u2019s travel behaviour. Australian Planner, 54(1), 8\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07293682.2017.1299189","DOI":"10.1080\/07293682.2017.1299189"},{"key":"bibr23-1077801221992874","first-page":"242","volume":"3","author":"Garofalo J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Victimology"},{"key":"bibr24-1077801221992874","unstructured":"Gekoski A., Jacqueline M., Gray M. H., Horvath S. E., Aliye E., Adler J. (2015). What works\u2019 in reducing sexual harassment and sexual offences on public transport nationally and internationally: A rapid evidence assessment. http:\/\/eprints.mdx.ac.uk\/15219\/1\/Gekoski%2C%20Gray%2C%20Horvath%2C%20Edwards%2C%20Emirali%20%26%20Adler%202015.pdf"},{"key":"bibr25-1077801221992874","volume-title":"The female fear","author":"Gordon M.","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr26-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray E., Jackson J., Farrall S. (2011). Feelings and functions in the fear of crime: Applying a new approach to victimisation insecurity. British Journal of Criminology, 51(1), 75\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjc\/azq066","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azq066"},{"key":"bibr27-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halat H., Saberi M., Frei C. A., Frei A. R., Mahmassani H. S. (2015). Impact of crime statistics on travel mode choice. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2537, 81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/2537-09","DOI":"10.3141\/2537-09"},{"key":"bibr28-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hale C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4(2), 79\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026975809600400201","DOI":"10.1177\/026975809600400201"},{"key":"bibr29-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirtenlehner H., Farrall S. (2014). Is the \u201cshadow of sexual assault\u201d responsible for women\u2019s higher fear of Burglary? British Journal of Criminology, 54, 1167\u20131185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjc\/azu054","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azu054"},{"key":"bibr30-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoor-Ul-Ain S. (2020). Public sexual harassment mayhem on public transport in megacities\u2014Karachi and London: A comparative review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52, 101420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101420"},{"key":"bibr31-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horii M., Burgess A. (2012). Constructing sexual risk: \u201cChikan,\u201d collapsing male authority and the emergence of women-only train carriages in Japan. Health, Risk & Society, 14(1), 41\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13698575.2011.641523","DOI":"10.1080\/13698575.2011.641523"},{"key":"bibr32-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137457653_18"},{"key":"bibr33-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iudici A., Bertoli L., Faccio E. (2017). The \u201cinvisible\u201d needs of women with disabilities in transportation systems. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 19(3), 264\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41300-017-0031-6","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-017-0031-6"},{"key":"bibr34-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson J. (2009). A psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(4), 365\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10683160802275797","DOI":"10.1080\/10683160802275797"},{"key":"bibr35-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson J., Gouseti I. (2014). Fear of crime. In Miller J. M. (Ed.), The encyclopedia of theoretical criminology (pp. 1\u20135). Wiley-Blackwell. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2118663 (accessed 2 February 2021).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118517390.wbetc130"},{"key":"bibr36-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson J., Gray E. (2010). Functional fear and public insecurities about crime. British Journal of Criminology, 50(1), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjc\/azp059","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azp059"},{"key":"bibr37-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James K., Embrey L. (2001). \u201cAnyone could be lurking around!\u201d: Constraints on adolescent girls\u2019 recreational activities after dark. World Leisure Journal, 43(4), 44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/04419057.2001.9674248","DOI":"10.1080\/04419057.2001.9674248"},{"key":"bibr38-1077801221992874","unstructured":"Khan Y. (2013, March 8). Making transport safer for women. The City Fix. http:\/\/thecityfix.com\/blog\/women-public-safety-demands-yasmin-khan\/."},{"key":"bibr39-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koskela H., Pain R. (2000). Revisiting fear and place: Women\u2019s fear of attack and the built environment. Geoforum, 31(2), 269\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-7185(99)00033-0","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7185(99)00033-0"},{"key":"bibr40-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagrange R. L., Ferraro K. F. (1989). Assessing age and gender differences in perceived risk and fear of crime. Criminology, 27(4), 697\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1989.tb01051.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1989.tb01051.x"},{"key":"bibr41-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/030913299666161864"},{"key":"bibr42-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis D. A., Maxfield M. G. (1980). Fear in the neighborhoods: An investigation of the impact of crime. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 17(2), 160\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002242788001700203","DOI":"10.1177\/002242788001700203"},{"key":"bibr43-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis S., Saukko P., Lumsden K. (2020). Rhythms, sociabilities and transience of sexual harassment in transport: Mobilities perspectives of the London underground. Gender, Place & Culture, 28(2), 277\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0966369X.2020.1734540","DOI":"10.1080\/0966369X.2020.1734540"},{"key":"bibr44-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liggett R., Loukaitou-Sideris A., Iseki H. (2001). Bus stop\u2013Environment connection: Do characteristics of the built environment correlate with bus stop crime? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1760(1), 20\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/1760-03","DOI":"10.3141\/1760-03"},{"key":"bibr45-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loukaitou-Sideris A. (1999). Hot spots of bus stop crime: The importance of environmental attributes. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(4), 395\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01944369908976070","DOI":"10.1080\/01944369908976070"},{"key":"bibr46-1077801221992874","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Conference Proceedings","volume":"2","author":"Loukaitou-Sideris A.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr47-1077801221992874","volume-title":"How to ease women\u2019s fear of transportation environments: Case Studies and best practices","author":"Loukaitou-Sideris A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr48-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3828\/tpr.2016.38"},{"key":"bibr49-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loukaitou-Sideris A., Fink C. (2008). Addressing women\u2019s fear of victimization in transportation settings: A survey of U.S. transit agencies. Urban Affairs Review, 44(4), 554\u2013587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1078087408322874","DOI":"10.1177\/1078087408322874"},{"key":"bibr50-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loukaitou-Sideris A., Liggett R., Iseki H. (2002). The geography of transit crime: Documentation and evaluation of crime incidence on and around the green line stations in Los Angeles. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 22(2), 135\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0739456X02238443","DOI":"10.1177\/0739456X02238443"},{"key":"bibr51-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1057567716639093"},{"key":"bibr52-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreira G., Ceccato V. (2020). Gendered mobility and violence in the S\u00e3o Paulo metro, Brazil. Urban Studies, 58, 203\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0042098019885552","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098019885552"},{"key":"bibr53-1077801221992874","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Secure and tranquil travel: Preventing crime and disorder on public transport","author":"Morgan R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr54-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natarajan M., Schmuhl M., Sudula S., Mandala M. (2017). Sexual victimization of college students in public transport environments: A whole journey approach. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 19(3), 168\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41300-017-0025-4","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-017-0025-4"},{"key":"bibr55-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neupane G., Chesney-Lind M. (2014). Violence against women on public transport in Nepal: Sexual harassment and the spatial expression of male privilege. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 38(1), 23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01924036.2013.794556","DOI":"10.1080\/01924036.2013.794556"},{"key":"bibr56-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newton A. D., Partridge H., Gill A. (2014). In and around: Identifying predictors of theft within and near to major mass underground transit systems. Security Journal, 27(2), 132\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/sj.2014.2","DOI":"10.1057\/sj.2014.2"},{"key":"bibr57-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429352775-12"},{"key":"bibr58-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orozco-Fontalvo M., Soto J., Ar\u00e9valo A., Oviedo-Trespalacios O. (2019). Women\u2019s perceived risk of sexual harassment in a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system: The case of Barranquilla, Colombia. Journal of Transport & Health, 14, 100598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jth.2019.100598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2019.100598"},{"key":"bibr59-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otis M. D. (2007). Perceptions of victimization risk and fear of crime among lesbians and gay men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(2), 198\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260506295346","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506295346"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr60-1077801221992874","first-page":"231","volume":"22","author":"Pain R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers"},{"key":"bibr61-1077801221992874","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fear: Critical geopolitics and everyday life","author":"Pain R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr62-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paydar M., Kamani-Fard A., Etminani-Ghasrodashti R. (2017). Perceived security of women in relation to their path choice toward sustainable neighborhood in Santiago, Chile. Cities, 60, 289\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2016.10.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.10.002"},{"key":"bibr63-1077801221992874","unstructured":"Peters D. (2001). Gender and transport in less developed countries: A background paper in preparation for CSD-9 [Paper Commissioned by UNED Forum]. https:\/\/www.ssatp.org\/sites\/ssatp\/files\/publications\/HTML\/Gender-RG\/Source%20%20documents\/Issue%20and%20Strategy%20Papers\/G&T%20Rationale\/ISGT4%20Gender%20and%20transport%20in%20LDCs%20UNED%2001.pdf"},{"key":"bibr64-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Difference, fear and habitus, a political economy of urban fear","author":"Sandercock R. J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr65-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.08.103"},{"key":"bibr66-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skogan W. G. (1987). The impact of victimization on fear. Crime & Delinquency, 33(1), 135\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0011128787033001008","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128787033001008"},{"key":"bibr67-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203728406"},{"key":"bibr68-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solymosi R., Cella K., Newton A. (2018). Did they report it to stop it? A realist evaluation of the effect of an advertising campaign on victims\u2019 willingness to report unwanted sexual behaviour. Security Journal, 31(2), 570\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41284-017-0117-y","DOI":"10.1057\/s41284-017-0117-y"},{"key":"bibr69-1077801221992874","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Gendered mobilities","author":"Tanzarn N","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr70-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Guidelines for collecting, analyzing, and reporting transit crime data","author":"Transit Cooperative Research Program","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr71-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi K., Borrion H., Belur J. (2017). Sexual harassment of students on public transport: An exploratory study in Lucknow, India. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 19(3), 240\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41300-017-0029-0","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-017-0029-0"},{"key":"bibr72-1077801221992874","unstructured":"UN Women. (2017). Safe cities global initiatives. www.unwomen.org"},{"key":"bibr73-1077801221992874","volume-title":"Gendered mobilities","author":"Uteng T. P.","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr74-1077801221992874","first-page":"288","volume":"16","author":"Valentine G.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Built Environment"},{"key":"bibr75-1077801221992874","unstructured":"Vanier C., D\u2019Arbois H. (2018). Le sentiment d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les transports en commun: Situations anxiog\u00e8nes et strat\u00e9gies d\u2019\u00e9vitement [Fear of crime in public transit: anxiety-provoking situations and avoidance strategies] (Grand Angle, 46). https:\/\/inhesj.fr\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/files\/2019-12\/GA_46_0.pdf"},{"key":"bibr76-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv301drp"},{"key":"bibr77-1077801221992874","first-page":"451","volume":"4","author":"Warr M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Criminal Justice and Behavior"},{"key":"bibr78-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a38449"},{"key":"bibr79-1077801221992874","first-page":"29","volume":"249","author":"Wilson J. Q.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Atlantic Monthly"},{"key":"bibr80-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winkel F. V., Vrij A. (1990). Fear of crime and mass media crime reports testing similarity hypotheses. International Review of Victimology, 1(3), 251\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/026975809000100303","DOI":"10.1177\/026975809000100303"},{"key":"bibr81-1077801221992874","unstructured":"World Bank. (2015). Violence against women and girls resource guide: Transport brief. http:\/\/www.vawgresourceguide.org"},{"key":"bibr82-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yates A., Ceccato V. (2020). Individual and spatial dimensions of women\u2019s fear of crime: A Scandinavian study case. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 44, 277\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01924036.2020.1719531","DOI":"10.1080\/01924036.2020.1719531"},{"key":"bibr83-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yavuz N., Welch E. W. (2010). Addressing fear of crime in public space: Gender differences in reaction to safety measures in train transit. Urban Studies, 47(12), 2491\u20132515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0042098009359033","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098009359033"},{"key":"bibr84-1077801221992874","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu S.s V., Smith M. J. (2014). Commuters using public transit in New York City: Using area-level data to identify neighbourhoods with vulnerable riders. Security Journal, 27(2), 194\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/sj.2014.6","DOI":"10.1057\/sj.2014.6"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077801221992874","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1077801221992874","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1077801221992874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:55:17Z","timestamp":1777686917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1077801221992874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1077801221992874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077801221992874","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]}}}