{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:27:26Z","timestamp":1777933646549,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Compact Grant from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Women experiencing homelessness who are also survivors of violence require uniquely tailored programs to accommodate complex needs. To understand how violence shaped the lives of formerly homeless African American women, an instrumental case study design and community-based participatory research approach was utilized in this qualitative study. Focus group interviews with graduates ( N\u2009=\u200940) from a long-term transitional housing program were conducted. Using thematic analysis, identified themes included: cycles of violence, violence in the community, relationships with children, and coping with violence. These themes illustrated survivors\u2019 growth through supportive programming and highlighted services dedicated to empowering women who have experienced violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012221117599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:42:05Z","timestamp":1661481725000},"page":"1582-1603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Centering Our Voices: Experiences of Violence Among Homeless African American Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-1923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Deal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maren","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Carmen Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Dressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3523-5515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Pittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nia Imani Family Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2604-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-2719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexa A.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Mkandawire-Valhmu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peninnah","family":"Kako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302634"},{"key":"bibr3-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr4-10778012221117599","first-page":"272","volume":"5","author":"Anney V. 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Waltham, MA: The National Center on Family Homelessness at American Institutes for Research."},{"key":"bibr9-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315169842"},{"key":"bibr10-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40865-017-0073-6"},{"key":"bibr11-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-018-9988-x"},{"key":"bibr12-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509340539"},{"key":"bibr13-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15296"},{"key":"bibr14-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088610999000500101"},{"key":"bibr15-10778012221117599","volume-title":"Helping America\u2019s homeless: Emergency shelter or affordable housing?","author":"Burt M. 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(2015).\n                      National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS). 2015 Data Brief \u2013 Updated Release\n                      . https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/2015data-brief508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr19-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515572475"},{"key":"bibr20-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2012910"},{"key":"bibr21-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.818"},{"key":"bibr22-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/494543"},{"key":"bibr23-10778012221117599","volume-title":"Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment","author":"Collins P. 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A., Schulz A. J., Parker E. A., Becker A. B., Allen A. J., Guzman J. R., Minkler M., Wallerstein N. (2008). Critical issues in developing and following community-based participatory research principles. In\n                      Community-based participatory research for health: From process to outcomes\n                      (pp. 47\u201366)."},{"key":"bibr38-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2020.0304"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr39-10778012221117599","first-page":"S199","volume":"12","author":"Kofman Y. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Practice, and Policy"},{"key":"bibr40-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2016.01.004"},{"key":"bibr41-10778012221117599","unstructured":"Luthern A. (2020).\n                      Milwaukee is seeing a spike in homicides, and nearly half of them are related to domestic or family violence\n                      . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. https:\/\/www.jsonline.com\/story\/news\/crime\/2020\/05\/18\/milwaukee-homicides-nearly-half-linked-domestic-family-violence\/3121220001\/"},{"key":"bibr42-10778012221117599","volume-title":"Most diverse cities in the U.S","author":"Mak A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr43-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208322103"},{"key":"bibr44-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1807166"},{"key":"bibr45-10778012221117599","unstructured":"Milwaukee, WI | Data USA (2018). Retrieved August 27, 2020, from https:\/\/datausa.io\/profile\/geo\/milwaukee-wi\/"},{"key":"bibr46-10778012221117599","volume-title":"Demographic data project part II: Gender and individual homelessness.","author":"Moses J.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr47-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517691519"},{"key":"bibr48-10778012221117599","unstructured":"Nia Imani Family, Inc (2018). 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(2016).\n                      A supplement to the 2016 Wisconsin Poverty Report\n                      (Report No. 18)."},{"key":"bibr59-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02188596"},{"key":"bibr60-10778012221117599","unstructured":"Smith S. G., Basile K. C., Gilbert L. K., Merrick M. T., Patel N., Walling M., Jain A. (2017).\n                      National intimate partner and sexual violence survey (NISVS): 2010-2012 state report\n                      ."},{"key":"bibr61-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12113"},{"key":"bibr62-10778012221117599","unstructured":"Spicuzza M. (2019).\n                      Racism is a public health crisis: Milwaukee county leaders call for racial equity\n                      . 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(2020).\n                      Overdose-related death rate continues to escalate in Milwaukee County\n                      . https:\/\/www.wpr.org\/overdose-related-death-rate-continues-escalate-milwaukee-county"},{"key":"bibr67-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012447697"},{"key":"bibr68-10778012221117599","volume-title":"Qualitative methods in public health: A field guide for applied research (2nd ed)","author":"Tolley E. E.","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr69-10778012221117599","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 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(2020).\n                      Data\n                      . https:\/\/www.wcasa.org\/resources\/areas-of-interest\/data\/"},{"key":"bibr80-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2014.46.2.170"},{"key":"bibr81-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00607"},{"key":"bibr82-10778012221117599","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6548"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012221117599","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012221117599","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012221117599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:55:45Z","timestamp":1777686945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012221117599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012221117599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012221117599","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]}}}