{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:30:01Z","timestamp":1777933801465,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As an American-born woman who grew up as a South Asian Dawoodi Bohra Muslim, I have been aware of female genital mutilation\/cutting (FGM\/C) my entire life. So I immediately agreed to give commentary on \u201cFrom the War on Terror to the Moral Crusade Against Female Genital Mutilation: Anti-Muslim Racism and Femonationalisim in the United States\u201d by Dina Bader. While I do not necessarily disagree with Bader's observations, I provide additional context to better understand the history of our current FGM\/C laws in this country and the influence survivors and advocates\u2019 have had in shaping them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012231168632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T01:42:43Z","timestamp":1681350163000},"page":"1944-1952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Examining FGC Survivor and FGC Impacted Community Involvement Behind FGM\/C Legislation in the United States: A Response to Bader's \u201cFrom the War on Terror to the Moral Crusade Against Female Genital Mutilation: Anti-Muslim Racism and Femonationalism in the United States\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-2251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariya","family":"Taher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sahiyo U.S., Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Anderson K. (n.d.).\n                      What can states do to address female genital mutilation\/cutting in the U.S.\n                      National Center on Safe Supportive Learning Environments. https:\/\/safesupportivelearning.ed.gov\/voices-field\/what-can-states-do-address-female-genital-mutilationcutting-us"},{"key":"bibr2-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Baldas T. (2018).\n                      Why did Twitter allow ad promoting female genital cutting?\n                      Detroit Free Press. https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/news\/local\/michigan\/detroit\/2018\/09\/22\/twitter-female-genital-mutilation\/1382539002\/"},{"key":"bibr3-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Boudreau S. (2021).\n                      Reflecting on the critical intersections between anti-racism and female genital cutting\n                      . Sahiyo. https:\/\/sahiyo.org\/sahiyo-blog\/critical-intersections-between-anti-racism-and-female-genital-cutting.html"},{"key":"bibr4-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Burhani T., Tambawala M., Hussain F., Bohra S. (2018, December 12). Letter: Dawoodi Bohra women of Detroit speak up.\n                      The Detroit News\n                      . https:\/\/www.detroitnews.com\/story\/opinion\/2018\/12\/12\/letter-dawoodi-bohra-women-detroit-speak-up\/2278119002\/"},{"key":"bibr5-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Coakley M. (2017).\n                      Public testimony by former Attorney General of Massachusetts to the Joint Committee on the Judiciary hearing on Nov 13, 2017\n                      . Boston, Massachusetts."},{"key":"bibr6-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Dawoodi Bohra Women\u2019s Association for Religious Freedom (DBWRF). (n.d.).\n                      Let\u2019s defend our personal and religious beliefs\n                      . Retrieved May 23, 2022, from https:\/\/dbwrf.org\/"},{"key":"bibr7-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Equality Now. (2022).\n                      U.S. laws against FGM \u2013 State by state\n                      . https:\/\/www.equalitynow.org\/us_laws_against_fgm_state_by_state\/"},{"key":"bibr8-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Equality Now, End FGM European Network, and US End FGM\/C Network. (2020).\n                      Female genital mutilation: A call for a global response\n                      . https:\/\/www.equalitynow.org\/resource\/female-genital-mutilation-cutting-a-call-for-a-global-response\/"},{"key":"bibr9-10778012231168632","unstructured":"High Court of Australia. (2019).\n                      The Queen v A2; The Queen v Magennis; The Queen v Vaziri [2019] HCA 35\n                      . https:\/\/cdn.hcourt.gov.au\/assets\/publications\/judgment-summaries\/2019\/hca-35-2019-10-16.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Kessous H. (2021).\n                      The United States has a law banning female genital cutting, what now?\n                      Sahiyo. https:\/\/sahiyo.org\/sahiyo-blog\/the-united-states-has-a-law-banning.html"},{"key":"bibr11-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Khan A. (2020, August 7). As Massachusetts bans female genital cutting, survivors and activists celebrate.\n                      Religion News Service\n                      . https:\/\/religionnews.com\/2020\/08\/07\/as-massachusetts-bans-female-genital-cutting-survivors-and-activists-celebrate\/"},{"key":"bibr12-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Madlena C. (2014, June 10). FGM petition nears 200,000 signatures as campaign moves to Capitol Hill.\n                      The Guardian\n                      . https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2014\/jun\/10\/end-fgm-us-petition-signatures"},{"key":"bibr13-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Quast S. (2021, February 5). Keeping girls at the center: Zero tolerance for female genital mutilation.\n                      Ms. Magazine\n                      . https:\/\/msmagazine.com\/2021\/02\/05\/female-genital-mutilation-fgm-biden-administration-international-day-of-zero-tolerance\/"},{"key":"bibr14-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Safi M. (2016, March 18). Three sentenced to 15 months in landmark female genital mutilation trial.\n                      The Guardian\n                      . https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/mar\/18\/three-sentenced-to-15-months-in-landmark-female-genital-mutilation-trial"},{"key":"bibr15-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Smith O. (2016, June 22). Underground: Risk of FGM increasing for women in the U.S., says CDC.\n                      ABC News\n                      . https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/underground-american-woman-underwent-female-genital-mutilation-forward\/story?id=39728421"},{"key":"bibr16-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Taher M. (2017).\n                      Because I was harmed\n                      . NPR. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2017\/04\/27\/483713242\/because-i-was-harmed"},{"key":"bibr17-10778012231168632","unstructured":"Taher M. (2018, June 30). Why won\u2019t Massachusetts pass a law to stop FGM.\n                      Fair Observer\n                      . https:\/\/www.fairobserver.com\/region\/north_america\/female-genital-mutilation-cutting-fgm-us-massachusetts-womens-rights-news-70914\/"},{"key":"bibr18-10778012231168632","unstructured":"The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. (2017).\n                      Georgia law changed in 2005 to strengthen punishment for genital mutilation\n                      . https:\/\/www.ajc.com\/news\/georgia-law-changed-2005-strengthen-punishment-for-genital-mutilation\/QfPVqkHxMhVwMXCKz3HjCP\/"},{"key":"bibr19-10778012231168632","unstructured":"UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation. (2018).\n                      How to transform a social norm\n                      . https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/publications\/how-transform-social-norm"},{"key":"bibr20-10778012231168632","unstructured":"US End FGM\/C Network. (n.d.).\n                      US end FGM\/C network report executive summary\n                      . https:\/\/endfgmnetwork.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/US-End-FGMC-Network-Report-Executive-Summary_Final-1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr21-10778012231168632","unstructured":"US ICE. (2017, March 14).\n                      ICE removes Ethiopian who committed female genital mutilation\n                      . https:\/\/www.ice.gov\/news\/releases\/ice-removes-ethiopian-who-committed-femalegenital-mutilation"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012231168632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012231168632","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012231168632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T01:56:20Z","timestamp":1777686980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012231168632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012231168632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012231168632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}}}