{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:53:55Z","timestamp":1790618035927,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article explores what safety means to women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). From a feminist relational lens, we explore data from in-depth, narrative interviews with women who experienced severe IPV and perspectives of family and friends of those who were killed, to identify experiences that feel safe and those that do not. Other research focuses on ways and factors that enhance safety, whereas ours allows the exploration of differences in what makes someone feel safe. We argue that criminal justice interventions are perceived negatively due to their transactional nature, whereas shelters and informal supports are relational.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012251356956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T04:48:31Z","timestamp":1751950111000},"page":"2723-2744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Relational Safety and Transactional Intervention: Victim-Survivors\u2019 Feelings of Safety and Risk"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1529-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Aspinall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Thomas University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6971-3779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane","family":"Crocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Mary's University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2022.2159904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","volume-title":"Creating safety plans with vulnerable populations to reduce the risk of repeated violence and domestic homicide. Domestic homicide (6)","author":"Bader D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bader D., Doherty D., Dumont-Smith C., Guruge S., Nepinak J., Porteous T., Campbell M., Straatman A. L., Dawson M. (2019). Creating safety plans with vulnerable populations to reduce the risk of repeated violence and domestic homicide. Domestic homicide (6). Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-019-00086-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801210394273"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile, 2013","volume":"85","author":"Beaupr\u00e9 P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beaupr\u00e9 P. (2015). Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile, 2013. Juristat, 85(2), 1\u201385.","journal-title":"Juristat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"Familicide in Canada: 2010-2019. Domestic homicide brief 9","author":"Boyd C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boyd C., Sutton D., Dawson M., Straatman A. L., Poon J., Jaffe P. (2020). Familicide in Canada: 2010-2019. Domestic homicide brief 9. Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Victimization and offending among the aboriginal population in Canada (85-002-XIE)","volume":"26","author":"Brzozowski J.-A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brzozowski J.-A., Taylor-Butts A., Johnson S. (2006). Victimization and offending among the aboriginal population in Canada (85-002-XIE). Juristat, 26(3), 1\u201331.","journal-title":"Juristat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","volume-title":"Domestic violence risk assessment: Informing safety planning & risk management. Domestic Homicide Brief No. 2","author":"Campbell M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Campbell M., Hilton N., Kropp P. R., Dawson M., Jaffe P. (2016). Domestic violence risk assessment: Informing safety planning & risk management. Domestic Homicide Brief No. 2. Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","unstructured":"Centre for Court Innovation. (2009). A national compendium of domestic violence courts. https:\/\/www.innovatingjustice.org\/publications\/national-compendium-domestic-violence-courts"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"Centre for Court Innovation. (2011a). Civil domestic violence courts: Key principles. https:\/\/www.innovatingjustice.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/DV_Civil_Fact_Sheet.pd"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Centre for Court Innovation. (2011b). Criminal domestic violence courts: Key principles. https:\/\/www.innovatingjustice.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/DV_Criminal_Fact_Sheet.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-018-0010-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X20986534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315532776-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/HCS-11-2021-0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801205274488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315532776-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v41n01_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4143-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801212437016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","unstructured":"Goh Z. (2011 November 22). Narrative and the ethnographic inquiry. https:\/\/www.cognitive-edge.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204264368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085120987638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","unstructured":"Government of Canada. (2022). Fact sheet: Intimate partner violence. https:\/\/women-gender-equality.canada.ca\/en\/gender-based-violence\/intimate-partner-violence.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29173\/mlj1112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525107117725012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504265619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801205274450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689816653308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01924036.2019.1599971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azx046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/40.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517707307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330600817618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","volume-title":"\u201cNo-drop policies\u201d are harming some women","author":"Johnson H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnson H. (2012). \u201cNo-drop policies\u201d are harming some women. Department of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","volume-title":"The benefits and impacts of mandatory charging in Ontario: Perceptions of abused women, service providers and police","author":"Johnson H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson H., Conners D. (2017). The benefits and impacts of mandatory charging in Ontario: Perceptions of abused women, service providers and police. University of Ottawa."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088767902239243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0000246-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17449626.2022.2073702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.11.1332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","volume-title":"The development of the brief spousal assault form for the evaluation of risk (B-SAFER): A tool for criminal justice professionals","author":"Kropp P. R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kropp P. R., Hart S. D. (2004). The development of the brief spousal assault form for the evaluation of risk (B-SAFER): A tool for criminal justice professionals. Department of Justice Canada: Research and Statistics Division."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513511701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15228835.2013.861784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59962\/9780774821902-007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","article-title":"Imagining success for a restorative approach to justice: Implications for measurement and evaluation","volume":"36","author":"Llewellyn J. J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Llewellyn J. J., Archibald B. P., Clairmont D., Crocker D. (2013). Imagining success for a restorative approach to justice: Implications for measurement and evaluation. Dalhousie Law Journal, 36(2), Article 218. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2417301","journal-title":"Dalhousie Law Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","volume-title":"Barriers to reporting intimate partner violence to the Abbotsford Police Department","author":"McCormick A. V.","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCormick A. V., Gill M., Neilsen K., Pastia C. (2022). Barriers to reporting intimate partner violence to the Abbotsford Police Department. Submitted to the Abbotsford Police Department. University of the Fraser Valley."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6478.2012.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801207302041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","volume-title":"Responding to family violence: A comprehensive research-based guide for therapists","author":"Murray C. E.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murray C. E., Graves K. N. (2012). Responding to family violence: A comprehensive research-based guide for therapists. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10439463.2017.1356299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1946-6560.4.1.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","unstructured":"Northcott M. (2011). Domestic violence in rural Canada (Victims of Crime Research Digest Issue. Department of Justice. https:\/\/www.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/rp-pr\/cj-jp\/victim\/rd4-rr4\/p2.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcz079"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","first-page":"211","article-title":"A review of pro-arrest, pro-charge, and pro-prosecution policies as a response to domestic violence","volume":"22","author":"Ross N.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ross N., Ryan C. (2021). A review of pro-arrest, pro-charge, and pro-prosecution policies as a response to domestic violence. Journal of Social Work, 22(1), 211\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1468017320979956","journal-title":"Journal of Social Work"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468017320979956"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2022). Victims of police-reported family and intimate partner violence in Canada 2021. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/221019\/dq221019c-eng.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","unstructured":"Stienstra J. van der Noort W. (2008). Loser hero or human being: Are you ready for emergent truth? Esomar. Retrieved January 5 2014 from http:\/\/www.esomar.org\/web\/research_papers\/Storytelling_1888_Loser-hero-or-human-being.php"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","volume-title":"Survivors voices: Navigating risk and moving to safety in domestic violence relationships in Canada","author":"Straatman A. L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Straatman A. L., Poon J., Jaffe P., Dawson M. (2022). Survivors voices: Navigating risk and moving to safety in domestic violence relationships in Canada. Canadian Domestic Homicide Prevention Initiative with Vulnerable Populations. http:\/\/www.cdhpi.ca\/sites\/cdhpi.ca\/files\/Phase%203%20Final%20Report.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/crq.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886109919873904"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","volume-title":"Domestic abuse risk factors and risk assessment: Summary of findings from a rapid evidence assessment","author":"Wheller L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wheller L., Wire J. (2014). Domestic abuse risk factors and risk assessment: Summary of findings from a rapid evidence assessment. College of Policing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519879237"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012251356956","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012251356956","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012251356956","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:22:36Z","timestamp":1782213756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012251356956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012251356956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012251356956","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}