{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:16:41Z","timestamp":1792563401133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CE003178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CE003178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a preventable public health problem with documented negative effects on well-being. The perinatal period represents a time of increased stress for partners, which can increase the likelihood of IPV. Economic support policies, like paid family leave (PFL), may reduce family violence, including IPV. Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, we examine the association between receipt of PFL and IPV for women employed during the perinatal period. Results indicate reduced odds of IPV for employed women who received PFL. PFL may reduce IPV victimization for women employed during the perinatal period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012261458787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:37:58Z","timestamp":1783075078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Receipt of Paid Family Leave and Intimate Partner Violence for Women Employed During the Perinatal Period"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffry","family":"Bart Klika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevent Child Abuse America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Thibodeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevent Child Abuse America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa T.","family":"Merrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevent Child Abuse America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevent Child Abuse America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanghyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Mar\u00e7al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9247-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia D.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rujeko","family":"Machinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-5163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn","family":"Showalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Maguire-Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517719541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"Bailey M. J. Bykers T. S. Patel E. Ramnath S. (2019). The Long-Term Effects of California's 2004 Paid Family Leave Act on Women's Careers: Evidence from U.S. Tax Data (Working Paper No. 26416). The National Bureau of Economic Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","article-title":"The effects of paid family leave in California on labor market outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Baum II C. L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baum II C. L., Ruhm C. J. (2016). The effects of paid family leave in California on labor market outcomes. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 35, 333\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pam.21894","journal-title":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-0133.2005.00971.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00148-003-0159-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"Brown S. Herr J. Roy R. Klerman J. A. (2020 August). Employee and worksite perspectives of the Family and Medical Leave Act: Results from the 2018 surveys. Abt Associates. Submitted to the U.S. Department of Labor. https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/sites\/dolgov\/files\/OASP\/evaluation\/pdf\/WHD_FMLA2018SurveyResults_FinalReport_Aug2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-022-00486-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.p20161118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513505711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_00965"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2022.0015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2022.106505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","volume-title":"Child abuse and neglect prevention resource for action: A compilation of the best available evidence","author":"Fortson B. L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fortson B. L., Klevens J., Merrick M. T., Gilbert L. K., Alexander S. P. (2016). Child abuse and neglect prevention resource for action: A compilation of the best available evidence. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0638-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10591-022-09633-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2015-041702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline R. B.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kline R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). Guilford Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","volume-title":"The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2016\/2017 report on intimate partner violence","author":"Leemis R. W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leemis R. W., Friar N., Khatiwada S., Chen M. S., Kresnow M., Smith S. G., Caslin S., Basile K. C. (2022). The national intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2016\/2017 report on intimate partner violence. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2018.1522591"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2016.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","volume-title":"Mplus user\u2019s guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. K.","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n L. K., Muth\u00e9n B. O. (1998-2017). Mplus user\u2019s guide (8th ed.). Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998620911920"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","volume-title":"Intimate partner violence prevention resource for action: A compilation of the best available evidence","author":"Niolon P. H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niolon P. H., Kearns M., Dills J., Rambo K., Irving S., Armstead T., Gilbert L. (2017). Intimate partner violence prevention resource for action: A compilation of the best available evidence. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","volume-title":"_R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2023). _R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.21676","article-title":"The effects of California's paid family leave program on mothers\u2019 leave-taking and subsequent labor market outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Rossin-Slater M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rossin-Slater M., Ruhm C. J., Waldfogel J. (2013). The effects of California's paid family leave program on mothers\u2019 leave-taking and subsequent labor market outcomes. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: [the Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, 32(2), 224\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pam.21676","journal-title":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: [the Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022589501039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/703138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stuart E. & Rubin D. (2008). Best practices in quasi-experimental designs: matching methods for causal inference. In J. Osborne (Ed.) Best practices in quasi-experimental designs: Matching methods for causal inference (pp. 155-176). SAGE Publications Inc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412995627.d14","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412995627.d14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838020985541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2024.106758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor: Women\u2019s Bureau. (2024). Paid family and medical leave fact sheet. https:\/\/www.dol.gov\/sites\/dolgov\/files\/WB\/paid-leave\/PaidLeavefactsheet.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195179323.003.0012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","unstructured":"Winston P. Coombs E. Bennett R. Antelo L. (2019). Supporting employment among lower-income mothers: The role of paid family leave. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Human Service Policy. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/private\/pdf\/261806\/PFL.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.2024.2352766"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012261458787","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012261458787","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012261458787","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T11:51:26Z","timestamp":1783252286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012261458787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012261458787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012261458787","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"article-number":"10778012261458787"}}