{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:29Z","timestamp":1792787729192,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner for Devon, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01197h425","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Behavior Change Independent Domestic Violence Advisor Program is a Domestic Abuse Perpetrator Program operating in England. This evaluation drew upon semistructured interviews with program professionals (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097), perpetrators (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) and victims\/survivors (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095) to develop a realist model of how perpetrator behavior change is thought to be enabled through this program. Key contextual factors were identified which moderate program delivery and lead to the conditions required to initiate six mechanisms of change which could lead to outcomes of a reduction in abusive behaviors, reoffending, and harm to victims\/survivors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10778012261486427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:21:36Z","timestamp":1789446096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Realist Evaluation of a Behavior Change Program for Domestic Abuse Perpetrators in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-2785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dreolin Nesbitt","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7914-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellie","family":"Hepworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9823-4790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.J.","family":"Melendez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X12468110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness","author":"Argyris C.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Argyris C., Sch\u00f6n D. A. (1974). Theory in practice: Increasing professional effectiveness. Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR-05-2022-0716"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X241254699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13744"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"Domestic Abuse Act. (2021). https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2021\/17\/contents\/enacted"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli0202_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90633-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4744-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Foundations (2024). Restart: A feasibility study of the Drive Partnership\u2019s Restart program. https:\/\/foundations.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/restart-feasibility-study-protocol.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452229263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"Home Office (2005). Domestic violence: A national report. https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/ukgwa\/+\/http:\/www.crimereduction.homeoffice.gov.uk\/domesticviolence\/domesticviolence51.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"Home Office (2023). Standards for domestic abuse perpetrator interventions. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/standards-for-domestic-abuse-perpetrator-interventions\/standards-for-domestic-abuse-perpetrator-interventions-accessible"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"Home Office (2025). Independent Domestic Violence Adviser (IDVA) guidance: Statutory guidance. HM Government."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","unstructured":"Kelly L. Westmarland N. (2015). Domestic violence perpetrator programs: Steps towards change. Project Mirabal final report. London Metropolitan University and Durham University. https:\/\/www.respect.org.uk\/resources\/27-domestic-violence-perpetrator-programs-steps-towards-change-project-mirabal-final-report"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X16673853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"Motivation and personality","author":"Maslow A. H.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maslow A. H. (1987). Motivation and personality (3rd ed.). Harper & Row."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073916639667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10439463.2021.2003358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07612-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516662307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (2023). Domestic abuse in England and Wales overview: November 2023. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/crimeandjustice\/bulletins\/domesticabuseinenglandandwalesoverview\/november2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (2024). Homicide in England and Wales: Year ending March 2023. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/crimeandjustice\/articles\/homicideinenglandandwales\/yearendingmarch2023#the-relationship-between-victims-and-suspects"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Oliver R. Alexander B. Roe S. Wlasny M. (2019). The economic and social costs of domestic abuse. Home Office. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/the-economic-and-social-costs-of-domestic-abuse"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230347809_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","volume-title":"Realistic evaluation","author":"Pawson R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pawson R., Tilley N. (1997). Realistic evaluation. Sage Publications. http:\/\/ebookcentral.proquest.com\/lib\/exeter\/detail.action?docID=6351395"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0088437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","volume-title":"The Respect standard","author":"Respect","year":"2022","unstructured":"Respect. (2022). The Respect standard. (4th ed.). https:\/\/hubble-live-assets.s3.amazonaws.com\/respect\/file_asset\/file\/1458\/Respect_Standard_4th_edition_2022.pdf","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"Standing Together Against Domestic Abuse (2020). In search of excellence. https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5ee0be2588f1e349401c832c\/t\/5fd78eaf72a0a65a94da967e\/1607962290051\/In+Search+of+Excellence+2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Domestic violence and child protection: Directions for good practice","author":"Stanley N.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stanley N., Humphreys C. (2006). Multi-agency and multi-disciplinary work: Barriers and opportunities. In Humphreys C., Stanley N. (Eds.), Domestic violence and child protection: Directions for good practice (pp. 36\u201350). Jessica Kingsley Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41300-021-00115-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","volume-title":"Realistic evaluation: An overviewFounding Conference of the Danish Evaluation Society","volume":"8","author":"Tilley N.","unstructured":"Tilley N., Pawson R. (2000, September). Realistic evaluation: An overview. Founding Conference of the Danish Evaluation Society (Vol. 8). Dansk EvalueringsSelskab. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/252160435_Realistic_Evaluation_An_Overview"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-021-00255-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5093\/pi2023a9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018791285"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/239868017X14913081639155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). Violence against women: Key facts. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women"}],"container-title":["Violence Against Women"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012261486427","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10778012261486427","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10778012261486427","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:47:51Z","timestamp":1789566471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10778012261486427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10778012261486427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10778012261486427","relation":{},"ISSN":["1077-8012","1552-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1077-8012","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"article-number":"10778012261486427"}}