{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:39:46Z","timestamp":1777934386227,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association pour la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail - secteurs affaires sociales (ASSTSAS)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main objective was to determine the efficacy of various types of cleaning equipment and products after deliberate contamination with cyclophosphamide. The secondary objective was to test various cleaning scenarios using these equipment and products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study had two phases: testing of cleaning equipment (wipe : woven microfibers \u2013 Hygen\u00ae, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres \u2013 MicronSolo\u00ae, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres \u2013 MicroMix\u00ae, simili-tissu (low filament production) \u2013 Tork\u00ae and, mop : woven microfibers \u2013 Hygen\u00ae, microfibre and viscose \u2013 MicroOne\u00ae) and products (disinfectant : quaternary ammonium \u2013 DR100\u00ae, chlorine 0.1% \u2013 Zochlor\u00ae \u2013 Brutab\u00ae \u2013 PCS\u00ae NPH, sodium hypochlorite 2%, cleaner : detergent \u2013 Nu- Action 3\u00ae, cleaner and disinfectant: sodium hypochlorite 0.6%\u2009+\u2009detergent \u2013 Aliflex\u00ae and water) in phase 1 and testing of various cleaning procedures in phase 2. Specific areas of a room with a laminar flow hood (class II\/type B2) were contaminated with 10\u2009mcg of cyclophosphamide. Different types of surfaces were cleaned with various scenarios and the remaining cyclophosphamide was measured by the Institut national de sant\u00e9 publique du Qu\u00e9bec. All tests were performed in triplicate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 189 samples were obtained: 42 negative controls and positive controls, 54 during phase 1 and 93 during phase 2. All products were more than 96.5% effective. The 0.1% chlorines were the most effective products. Cleaning procedures with two or three products had average cleaning efficacies of 99.94\u201399.99%. Efficacy increased with the number of successive cleanings. When two products were used, the average cleaning efficacy varied between 99.78% and 99.98%, depending on the surface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All cleaning products tested reduced cyclophosphamide contamination by more than 96.58%. Cleaning efficacy increased with successive cleaning. No scenario was effective in removing 100% of traces. Additional studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155219865931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T06:50:56Z","timestamp":1564728656000},"page":"413-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of decontamination strategies for cyclophosphamide"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Annaelle","family":"Soubieux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique, D\u00e9partement de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Palamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique, D\u00e9partement de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Tanguay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique, D\u00e9partement de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6623-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Bussi\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Pratique Pharmaceutique, D\u00e9partement de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, C\u00f4te-Sainte-Catherine, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de pharmacie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000249"},{"key":"bibr2-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.21852"},{"key":"bibr3-1078155219865931","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. NIOSH Alert \u2013 Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in health care, https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/docs\/2004-165\/pdfs\/2004-165.pdf (accessed 1 April 2019)."},{"key":"bibr4-1078155219865931","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"Chauchat L","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"bibr5-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/pthp-2017-0016","volume":"2","author":"Roland C","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm Technol Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr6-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-012-0769-1"},{"key":"bibr7-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-014-3969-1"},{"key":"bibr8-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/aiht-2018-69-3137"},{"key":"bibr9-1078155219865931","unstructured":"US Pharmacopeial Convention (USP). General chapter\u2009<\u2009800\u2009>\u2009Hazardous drugs \u2013 handling in healthcare settings, http:\/\/www.usp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/usp\/document\/our-work\/healthcare-quality-safety\/general-chapter-800.pdf (accessed 1 April 2019)."},{"key":"bibr10-1078155219865931","unstructured":"Ordre des pharmaciens du Qu\u00e9bec. Pr\u00e9paration de produits st\u00e9riles dangereux en pharmacie, https:\/\/www.opq.org\/doc\/media\/1847_38_fr-ca_0_norme201402_prod_striles_dang_oct2017.pdf (accessed 1 April 2019)."},{"key":"bibr11-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050124"},{"key":"bibr12-1078155219865931","first-page":"407","volume":"70","author":"Ad\u00e9 A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"bibr13-1078155219865931","first-page":"456","volume":"57","author":"Queruau Lamerie T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"bibr14-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214530175"},{"key":"bibr15-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2055-2335.2009.tb00449.x"},{"key":"bibr16-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155215621151"},{"key":"bibr17-1078155219865931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mev031"},{"key":"bibr18-1078155219865931","unstructured":"Commission directive 2009\/90\/CE of 31 July 2009. 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