{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:46:31Z","timestamp":1790012791501,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project of Sichuan Science and Technology Department","award":["No. 30504010366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 30504010366"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of the study were to evaluate the external contamination of hazardous drug vials used in Chinese hospitals and to compare environmental contamination generated by a robotic intelligent dispensing system (WEINAS) and a manual compounding procedure using a biological safety cabinet (BSC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and gemcitabine were selected as the representative hazardous drugs to monitor surface contamination of vials. In the comparative analysis of environmental contamination from manual and robotic compounding, wipe samples were taken from infusion bags, gloves, and the different locations of the BSC and the WEINAS robotic system. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with double mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS\/MS) was employed for sample analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) External contamination was measured on vials of all three hazardous drugs. The contamination detected on fluorouracil vials was the highest with an average amount up to 904.33\u2009ng\/vial, followed by cyclophosphamide (43.51\u2009ng\/vial), and gemcitabine (unprotected vials of 5.92\u2009ng\/vial, protected vials of 0.66\u2009ng\/vial); (2) overall, the environmental contamination induced by WEINAS robotic compounding was significantly reduced compared to that by manual compounding inside the BSC. Particularly, compared with manual compounding, the surface contamination on the infusion bags during robotic compounding was nearly nine times lower for cyclophosphamide (10.62\u2009ng\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs 90.43\u2009ng\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), two times lower for fluorouracil (3.47 vs 7.52\u2009ng\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and more than 23 times lower for gemcitabine (2.61\u2009ng\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs 62.28\u2009ng\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The external contamination occurred extensively on some hazardous drug vials that commonly used in Chinese hospitals. Comparison analysis for both compounding procedures revealed that robotic compounding can remarkably reduce environmental contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552211023571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T03:45:31Z","timestamp":1624506331000},"page":"1487-1498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of external contamination on the vial surfaces of some hazardous drugs that commonly used in Chinese hospitals and comparison between environmental contamination generated during robotic compounding by IV: Dispensing robot vs. manual compounding in biological safety cabinet"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"ML","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"T","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"JQ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"YJ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gong","family":"TJ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zou","family":"LK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"J","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1812-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"JF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"131","article-title":"Hair loss in cancer chemotherapeutic patients","volume":"69","author":"Chadha V","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chadha V, Shenoi SD. Hair loss in cancer chemotherapeutic patients. Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2003; 69: 131\u2013132.","journal-title":"Ind J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860601166958"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.4.394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.11.1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155208096904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"603","article-title":"Exposure to antineoplastic drugs in two UK hospital pharmacy units","volume":"49","author":"Mason HJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mason HJ, Blair S, Sams C, et\u00a0al. Exposure to antineoplastic drugs in two UK hospital pharmacy units. Ann Occup Hyg 2005; 49: 603\u2013610.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899709602893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.14.1427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxx042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"Exposure of hospital pharmacists and nurses to antineoplastic agents","volume":"35","author":"McDevitt JJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"McDevitt JJ, Lees PS, McDiarmid MA. Exposure of hospital pharmacists and nurses to antineoplastic agents. J Occup Med 1993; 35: 57\u201360.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Cotteret C Secretan PH Gilles-Afchain L et al. External contamination of antineoplastic drug vials: an occupational risk to consider. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2020; 0: 1\u20133."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/hpj4904-355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Alert N. Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No 2004-165 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safe handling of cytotoxics","volume":"13","author":"ISOPP standards of practice","year":"2007","unstructured":"ISOPP standards of practice. Safe handling of cytotoxics. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2007; 13: 1\u201381.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp180564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-019-0368-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214551316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214522840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp170461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155218823911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155219843322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.19.243998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Study on surface contamination of antitumor drug containers based on the findings from a questionnaire survey for pharmaceutical companies.","volume":"41","author":"Yoshida AT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshida AT, Hanada Y, Morichika T, et\u00a0al. Study on surface contamination of antitumor drug containers based on the findings from a questionnaire survey for pharmaceutical companies. Med Pharm (Jpn) 2015; 41: 163\u2013172.","journal-title":"Med Pharm (Jpn)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155220907125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155219868525"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"703","article-title":"Guidance values for surface monitoring of antineoplastic drugs in German pharmacies","volume":"53","author":"Schierl R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schierl R, Bohlandt A, Nowak D. Guidance values for surface monitoring of antineoplastic drugs in German pharmacies. Ann Occup Hyg 2009; 53: 703\u2013711.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2016.1222346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.5.475"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-004-0595-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2em10704j"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181f73ae6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Leukemia from dermal exposure to cyclophosphamide among nurses in the Netherlands: quantitative assessment of the risk","volume":"58","author":"Fransman W","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fransman W, Kager H, Meijster T, et\u00a0al. Leukemia from dermal exposure to cyclophosphamide among nurses in the Netherlands: quantitative assessment of the risk. Ann Occup Hyg 2014; 58: 271\u2013282.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155213482683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e3181f72b63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"394","article-title":"Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital settings","volume":"103","author":"Sabatini L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sabatini L, Barbieri A, Lodi V, et\u00a0al. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in hospital settings. Med Lav 2012; 103: 394\u2013401.","journal-title":"Med Lav"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155210374673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/60.22.2314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Use of a closed system device to reduce occupational contamination and exposure to antineoplastic drugs in the hospital work environment","volume":"53","author":"Yoshida J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshida J, Tei G, Mochizuki C, et\u00a0al. Use of a closed system device to reduce occupational contamination and exposure to antineoplastic drugs in the hospital work environment. Ann Occup Hyg 2009; 53: 153\u2013160.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155218773862"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp050258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"ChemSpider. Cyclophosphamide www.chemspider.com\/Chemical-Structure.2804.html (2015 accessed May 11 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","unstructured":"ChemSpider. Fluorouracil www.chemspider.com\/Chemical-Structure.3268.html (2015 accessed May 11 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","unstructured":"ChemSpider. Gemcitabine www.chemspider.com\/Chemical-Structure.54753.html (2015 accessed May 11 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","unstructured":"DrugBank. Fluorouracil www.drugbank.ca\/drugs\/DB00544 (2015 accessed May 11 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/59.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp151027"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552211023571","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10781552211023571","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552211023571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:25:04Z","timestamp":1777688704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10781552211023571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10781552211023571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10781552211023571","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1552","1477-092X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1552","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-092X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]}}}