{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:42:43Z","timestamp":1777934563229,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"CSCO-hengrui Cancer Research Fund","award":["Y-HR2018-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-HR2018-026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients whose solid tumors (ST) show leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) have very poor prognosis and short overall survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of first-line programed death-1(PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with LM from ST who were treated with first-line PD-1 mAb at our hospital between April 1 and November 30, 2019. We analyzed their clinicopathological characteristics and response to the treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected and analyzed data from 6 patients with different primary ST. 5 patients received PD-1 mAb combined with chemotherapy and\/or anti-angiogenic drugs, while one received only PD-1 mAb. The median (range) number of treatment cycles was 5.5 (1-21). PD-1 mAb treatment did not cause neurotoxicity. The time period of first assessment varied from 21 to 65 days after treatment. Among 5 patients who got obvious symptoms relief, 4 patients persisted for &gt; 3 months and even showed a reduction in the number of tumor cells in cerebrosprinal fluid. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was used to treat hydrocephalus observed beneficial in 3 patients: 2 before and 1 after PD-1 mAb treatment. The median (range) follow-up time was 214 (57-460) days. 4 patients died. The overall survival ranged from 57 days to at least 460 days. 1 of the two alive patients continued to show no worsening of symptoms after 457 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with LM from ST can benefit from first-line PD-1 mAb combined treatment without additional neurotoxicity. Further research is required to validate the safety and efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221074622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T09:41:04Z","timestamp":1642758064000},"page":"582-589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A retrospective analysis of first-line PD-1 monoclonal antibodies treatment in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9343-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-24199-X_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-020-10019-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0693-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31827-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13590"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.03136"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2015.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","first-page":"484","article-title":"Leptomeningeal metastases: a RANO proposal for response criteria","volume":"19","author":"Chamberlain M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chamberlain M, Junck L, Brandsma D, et al. Leptomeningeal metastases: a RANO proposal for response criteria. [J].Neuro Oncol 2017; 19: 484\u2013492.","journal-title":"[J].Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","article-title":"Prognostic validation and clinical implications of the EANO ESMO classification of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors","author":"Le Rhun E","unstructured":"Le Rhun E, Devos P, Weller J, et al. Prognostic validation and clinical implications of the EANO ESMO classification of leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors. 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Efficacy of a lumbo-peritoneal shunt for meningeal carcinomatosis refractory to gefitinib treatment. [J].Anticancer Res 2009; 29: 2759\u20132760.","journal-title":"[J].Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30214"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03510-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","article-title":"Next generation sequencing in the management of leptomeningeal metastases of Non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review","author":"Li S","unstructured":"Li S, Ke L, Meng X, et al. Next generation sequencing in the management of leptomeningeal metastases of Non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review. 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