{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:54:57Z","timestamp":1785884097540,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chemotherapy is an integral part of cancer management which is associated with phlebitis in around 70% of patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy infusion. Thus, we aimed to estimate the incidence, severity, and management of phlebitis associated with chemotherapy infusion among cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study was conducted among 145 patients receiving intravenous chemotherapy for the duration of six months in the oncology department. The relevant data for phlebitis was obtained and assessed using Phlebitis Grading Scale and Visual Analogue Scale for the assessment of severity and pain due to phlebitis, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 145 patients, female (56.6%) patients predominated over male patients (43.5%) with a mean age of 53.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.82 years. Phlebitis was encountered in 30.34% of patients among whom 22.8% (33) were females followed by 7.6% were males and the majority of patients (13.1%) were from the 46 to 60 years age group. Phlebitis was observed frequently among stage 2 (11%) and satge 4 (11%) patients. The highest incidence of phlebitis was seen among hypertensive (34.09%) and diabetic patients (27.27%) followed by those receiving chemotherapy through the 20-gauge intravenous cannula (22.8%) and 22-gauge (6.9%). Platinum compounds (56.8%) were commonly associated with phlebitis, followed by cyclophosphamide (20.5%). Heparin and benzyl nicotinate topical gel were used to treat phlebitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Platinum and cyclophosphamide are commonly associated with phlebitis which can be managed by topical heparin plus benzyl nicotinate. Phlebitis shouldn\u2019t be ignored as it has a high incidence, affects the quality of life, and increases the treatment burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552231161517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T02:14:39Z","timestamp":1678068879000},"page":"1944-1950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of chemotherapy infusion and phlebitis among cancer patients: A prospective observational single-center study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shivani","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, KA, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelamol","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, KA, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidisha N","family":"Hegde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, KA, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raushan Kumar","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, KA, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8149-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uday Venkat","family":"Mateti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, KA, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijith","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Justice KS Hegde Charitable Hospital, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, KA, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860151116204"},{"key":"bibr2-10781552231161517","volume-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy","author":"Amjad MT"},{"key":"bibr3-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1990.351"},{"key":"bibr4-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3937"},{"key":"bibr5-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyv165"},{"key":"bibr6-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050611"},{"key":"bibr7-10781552231161517","first-page":"1065","volume":"11","author":"Nekuzad N","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"bibr8-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/57.2.220"},{"key":"bibr9-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2553"},{"key":"bibr10-10781552231161517","unstructured":"Phlebitis Grading Scale. Available From: https:\/\/www.pedagogy-inc.com\/Home\/Resources\/IV\/Phlebitis-Grading-Scale.aspx. (Accessed 10 November 2021)"},{"key":"bibr11-10781552231161517","unstructured":"Visual Analog Scale. Available from: https:\/\/www.physio-pedia.com\/Visual_Analogue_Scale (Accessed 10 November 2021)"},{"key":"bibr12-10781552231161517","unstructured":"Visual Analog Scale. Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/The-visual-analogue-scale-VAS-used-for-evaluating-the-perceived-pain-among-patients_fig1_330139149 (2018, Accessed 10 November 2021)"},{"key":"bibr13-10781552231161517","first-page":"691934","volume":"2015","author":"Webster J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurs Res Pract"},{"key":"bibr14-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_559_19"},{"key":"bibr15-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20181570"},{"key":"bibr16-10781552231161517","first-page":"1","author":"Gilani S","journal-title":"The Breast"},{"key":"bibr17-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605883"},{"key":"bibr18-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10100380"},{"key":"bibr19-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.10.1182"},{"key":"bibr20-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.12.004"},{"key":"bibr21-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.10.003"},{"key":"bibr22-10781552231161517","first-page":"911","volume":"32","author":"Kim KW","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"bibr23-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2020.11.025"},{"key":"bibr24-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2007.00421.x"},{"key":"bibr25-10781552231161517","volume":"99","author":"Noori M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"bibr26-10781552231161517","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.22.1865"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552231161517","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10781552231161517","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552231161517","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:28:02Z","timestamp":1777688882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10781552231161517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10781552231161517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10781552231161517","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1552","1477-092X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1552","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-092X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]}}}