{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:43:34Z","timestamp":1777934614981,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Equashield"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maintaining safe working environments for health care personnel, especially for those who regularly handle hazardous drugs (HDs), is of utmost importance. Studies have shown that when closed system transfer devices (CSTDs) are used with standard open barrel syringes, cyclophosphamide (CP), a commonly used HD, is transferred to the syringe plunger during compounding or administration processes. This contamination can then be transferred to the work environment, endangering workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to quantify HD contamination of the inner surface of standard open barrel syringes and to compare contamination levels between three commonly used HDs: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), CP, and ifosfamide (IF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Each HD was transferred from a vial to an intravenous (IV) bag using a standard open barrel syringe and Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) PhaSeal\n                      <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                      CSTD connectors. Samples were taken from the inner surface of each of the syringe barrels to measure the amount of HD contamination. Each drug was tested 15 times and compared to a positive control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant amounts of each drug were transferred to the inner surfaces of the syringes. The average amounts of each drug measured were: 5-FU, 1327.7\u2005ng (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u2009873.6\u2005ng); CP, 1074.8\u2005ng (SD\u2009=\u2009481.6\u2005ng); and IF, 1700.0\u2005ng (SD\u2009=\u20091098.1\u2005ng). There was no statistically significant difference between the three drugs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the presence of HD contamination on standard open barrel syringe inner surfaces after transfer of drug from vial to syringe to IV bag. Such contamination could be spread in the working environment and expose health care workers to harm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552241231511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T20:13:40Z","timestamp":1708460020000},"page":"219-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An assessment of exposed syringe inner walls as a route of exposure from hazardous drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Blake T","family":"Barta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4680-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori T","family":"Armistead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen F","family":"Eckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Procedures for developing the NIOSH list of hazardous drugs in healthcare settings","author":"Whittaker C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Whittaker C, Ovesen JL, MacKenzie BA, et al. Procedures for developing the NIOSH list of hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. Publication No. 2023-129. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH), 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.56.6.354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"NIOSH list of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings","author":"Connor TH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Connor TH, MacKenzie BA, DeBord DG, et al. NIOSH list of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. Publication Number 2016-161 (Supersedes 2014-138). 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NTP Monograph on the systematic review of occupational exposure to cancer chemotherapy agents and adverse health outcomes. NTP Monogr 2019 Mar; (5): NTP-MGRAPH-5.","journal-title":"NTP Monogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1078155205jp147oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214526428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155210361431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"ASHP Midyear Clinical and Exhibition Meeting","author":"Berdi F","unstructured":"Berdi F, Gonzales R, Massoomi F. Evaluation of syringes used for compounding hazardous drugs and the contamination risks to healthcare personnel. 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