{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:49:21Z","timestamp":1788274161798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a case of a 77-year-old male with metastatic melanoma who developed immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI) induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after seven months of pembrolizumab treatment and required life-long insulin use. This prompted a literature review of best practice guidelines for long-term management of checkpoint-inhibitor induced T1DM including oral steroids as a treatment option similar to other ICI adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search on PubMed was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of steroid treatment ICI-induced T1DM in any cancer type. Search terms consisted of \u201cipilimumab\u201d OR \u201cnivolumab\u201d OR &amp; \u201cpembrolizumab\u201d OR \u201cimmune checkpoint\u201d AND \u201cdiabetes\u201d OR \u201ctype 1 diabetes\u201d AND \u201ccancer\u201d OR \u201cmelanoma\u201d OR \u201ccarcinoma OR \u201csarcoma\u201d. Inclusion criteria were case reports published after 2015 in which the patient was diagnosed with ICI-induced T1DM or diabetic ketoacidosis where oral steroids were part of the treatment. Exclusion criteria included oral steroids not used as a treatment modality for T1DM, multiple endocrine comorbidities, no response recorded, and previous history of T1DM. 284 abstracts were found with these search terms of which 33 full-text articles were concluded to be eligible and screened and from which 8 records were included. From these 8 articles, there were 12 cases included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This literature search suggests that ICI-induced T1DM cannot be reversed by steroids and that insulin must be used permanently for treatment management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552241241493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T03:03:46Z","timestamp":1711595026000},"page":"1084-1088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pembrolizumab induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in a patient with metastatic melanoma and literature review on steroids as a treatment 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"McGrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Banner Health, Sun City, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, 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