{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:44:28Z","timestamp":1777934668928,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer is one of the top three malignancies worldwide. While radiotherapy, hormone replacement therapys, and chemotherapy are treatments, chemotherapy causes adverse effects that hinder daily life activities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence, severity, and association of symptomatic toxicities in female breast cancer patients affecting various organ systems post systemic chemotherapy (adjuvant and neoadjuvant), and their impact on daily activities. Additionally, to determine the severity of adverse effects in specific age groups and their association with family history and disease stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An observational study was conducted on 253 female breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at NORI Cancer Hospital from May to October 2023. Data collection tools included the NCI-PRO-CTCAE standardized questionnaire and patient medical records. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, T-tests, and Chi-square tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 253 patients, 41.4% were aged 41\u201350. Significant weight changes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.034) were observed with more than three chemotherapy cycles. Notable associations included increased chemotherapy cycles with gastrointestinal (mouth\/throat sores\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031, vomiting\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021), respiratory (cough\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04), cardiovascular (arm\/leg swelling\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007, palpitations\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.052), integumentary (hair loss\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000, skin dryness\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.054), and musculoskeletal (fatigue\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) adverse effects. Positive family history and the 18\u201330 age group also showed significant associations with adverse effect severity. Disease stage significantly influenced the nervous system (stage 2\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007, stage 3\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The severity of adverse effects varies among age groups, depending on disease stage, genetics, and treatment duration. These patient-reported outcomes highlight the need for better management strategies considering prognostic factors and treatment adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552241266254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T01:11:47Z","timestamp":1722561107000},"page":"939-948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A comprehensive study of adverse effects of chemotherapy on female breast cancer patients in NORI Cancer Hospital, Islamabad in a developing country"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2860-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Areesha","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humza","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Zabeehullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uswa","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Khubaib","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Uzair","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayyab","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faizan","family":"Fazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rawalpindi Medical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anum","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Breast Cancer Stages. National Breast Cancer Foundation https:\/\/www.nationalbreastcancer.org\/aboutbreastcancer\/breast-cancer-staging\/ (accessed 12 December 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20211033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.620574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2007.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(83)90418-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctarc.2021.100426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.7026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Sleep quality and fatigue among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Imanian M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Imanian M, Imanian M, Karimyar M, Sleep quality and fatigue among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13: 196\u2013200.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.12.3831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2017.435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2017(04)09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.0114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3816\/CBC.2002.s.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2022-0296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811205020140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2020.1834143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02558-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2015.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.572388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Sex hormones and cancer [Internet] [cited 5 Nov 2023] www.cancerresearchuk.org. https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/about-cancer\/coping\/physically\/sex-hormone-symptoms\/sex-hormones#:\u223c:text=When%20cancer%20treatments%20change%20hormone"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2020.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-06804-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"1661","article-title":"Assessment of depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"19","author":"Tsaras K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsaras K, Papathanasiou IV, Mitsi D, et al. Assessment of depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients: prevalence and associated factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev: APJCP 2018; 19: 1661\u20131669.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev: APJCP"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.4720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.IJDR_379_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-020-01089-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-017-3668-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3148\/cjdpr-2016-034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2015.21.10.863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"1682","article-title":"Age and stage of breast cancer in Pakistan: an experience at a tertiary care center","volume":"68","author":"Soomro R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soomro R, Faridi S, Khurshaidi N, et al. Age and stage of breast cancer in Pakistan: an experience at a tertiary care center. J Pakistan Med Assoc 2018 [cited 31 Oct 2023]; 68: 1682\u20131685. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30410149\/#:\u223c:text=The%20most%20frequent%20age%20at","journal-title":"J Pakistan Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05340-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.6416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Does a positive family history influence the presentation of breast cancer?","volume":"9","author":"Yip CH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yip CH, bt Mohd Taib NA, Lau PC. Does a positive family history influence the presentation of breast cancer? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008; 9: 63\u201365.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2016.21.4.294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2023.1533"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000044"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552241266254","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10781552241266254","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552241266254","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:30:05Z","timestamp":1777689005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10781552241266254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10781552241266254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10781552241266254","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1552","1477-092X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1552","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-092X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}}}