{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:44:18Z","timestamp":1777934658072,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer, with clear cell RCC being the predominant subtype. However, non-clear cell RCC constitutes a significant proportion of cases, presenting distinct challenges in treatment due to its varied histological subtypes. Despite recent advancements, the optimal therapeutic approach for non-clear cell RCC remains uncertain due to limited high-quality evidence. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of systemic therapies in nccRCC subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data source<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search identified studies from 2010 to 2024, using PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov databases focusing on clinical trials and treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results highlight the evolving therapeutic landscape, with targeted agents and immunotherapy demonstrating promising anti-tumor effects. Notably, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sunitinib and mTOR inhibitors like temsirolimus have shown efficacy across different subtypes. Combination therapies, including immunotherapy-based regimens, have also shown favorable outcomes. immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity. Furthermore, specific targeting of signaling pathways, such as the c-MET pathway, has demonstrated efficacy in certain PapillaryRCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While combination therapies, including immunotherapies, have shown positive outcomes, immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and pembrolizumab have demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity. Additionally, targeting the c-MET pathway has proven effective in certain papillary RCC. Further research is warranted to establish optimal treatment strategies and improve outcomes for patients with non-clear cell RCC. Systemic therapy for non-clear cell RCC is complex and evolving. Further research is needed to delineate optimal treatment strategies for different histological subtypes and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552241289920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T01:23:46Z","timestamp":1731374626000},"page":"128-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Systemic therapy for non\u2013clear cell renal cell carcinomas: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7692-815X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balqees","family":"Ara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston, WV, 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