{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:11:53Z","timestamp":1790331113948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Equashield Medical Ltd, Migdal Tefen, Israel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"\n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The aim of the study was to measure contamination on inner walls of syringes used for compounding hazardous drugs. As the syringes have an open connection to the environment, evaporation of the drugs could result in environmental contamination and potential exposure of healthcare workers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Forty-three 50\u2005mL BD Plastipak luer lock syringes were collected after single use in compounding hazardous drugs. The inner wall of the barrel was wiped for each syringe. Potential remaining contamination was also measured by liquid extraction to verify the effectiveness of the wiping procedure. Six hazardous drugs were tested. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, ifosfamide, and methotrexate. Platinum analysis of cisplatin was performed with voltammetry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Contamination was found for all cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and methotrexate syringes, for eight out of ten 5-fluorouracil syringes, and for none of the cisplatin syringes. Contamination as part of the dose transferred differs between the drugs showing the highest contamination for doxorubicin (median 21.90\u2005ppm) followed by cyclophosphamide (median 1.24\u2005ppm), and ifosfamide (median 0.60\u2005ppm). The lowest contamination was measured for 5-fluorouracil (median 0.02\u2005ppm) and methotrexate (median 0.006\u2005ppm).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Contamination was found on almost all syringes and differs between the drugs indicating some drugs stick more to the inner walls and plunger shafts than others. Contamination implies a potential exposure risk as hazardous drugs could evaporate from the open syringes, contaminate the working environment, and expose healthcare workers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552251332884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T02:13:16Z","timestamp":1744596796000},"page":"1249-1255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contamination on inner walls of syringes used for compounding and administration of hazardous drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Sessink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exposure Control Sweden AB, Bohus-Bj\u00f6rk\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Tans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Devolder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1078155205jp147oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Comparative study of syringe contamination by hazardous drugs","author":"Kiffmeyer TK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kiffmeyer TK. Comparative study of syringe contamination by hazardous drugs. Duisburg, Germany: Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214526428"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214542492"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214542629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214563815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552241231511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552231205481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Metrohm Application Bulletin No. 220\/1. Determination of ultra-trace levels of platinum by stripping voltammetry."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","article-title":"International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners. ISOPP standards for the safe handling of cytotoxics","volume":"28","author":"ISOPP","year":"2022","unstructured":"ISOPP. International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners. ISOPP standards for the safe handling of cytotoxics. J Oncol Pharm Practice 2022; 28: S1\u2013S126.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"European Commission. Guidance for the safe management of hazardous medicinal products at work https:\/\/osha.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/guidance-safe-management-hazardous-medicinal-products-work (2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1994.9940377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00105-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Vapour pressures, evaporation behaviour and airborne concentrations of hazardous drugs: implications for occupational safety","volume":"268","author":"Kiffmeyer TK","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kiffmeyer TK, Kube C, Opiolka S, et al. Vapour pressures, evaporation behaviour and airborne concentrations of hazardous drugs: implications for occupational safety. Pharm J 2002; 268: 331\u2013337.","journal-title":"Pharm J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155214522840"}],"container-title":["Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552251332884","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/10781552251332884","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/10781552251332884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:56:51Z","timestamp":1790330211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10781552251332884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/10781552251332884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10781552251332884","relation":{},"ISSN":["1078-1552","1477-092X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1078-1552","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-092X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]}}}