{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:44:49Z","timestamp":1777934689100,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Oncol Pharm Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide are two antineoplastic drugs that are commonly employed in the treatment of several types of cancer, including prostate, stomach, and lung cancer, as well as multiple myeloma and sarcoma. The course of treatment often involves a mixture of etoposide and cyclophosphamide with other molecules, such as cisplatin for the former, or dactinomycin and vincristine for the latter. In this study, two separate analytical methods are proposed to evaluate the stability and the decay of Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide solutions prepared in normal saline and glucose (5%). The solutions of each antineoplastic drug were prepared by the IRCCS CROB RIONERO at three separate dosages and were submitted to HPLC-UV apparatus for the analysis. Firstly, two calibration curves were carried out to validate the method; secondly, samples of each solution were taken at specific time points to evaluate the decay in concentration of the molecules. The results show a stark decrease in stability of etoposide at increasing drug concentrations. On the other hand, cyclophosphamide is known for being highly unstable after reconstitution, therefore its decay was expected at each dosage. The data obtained by the triplicate analysis of both drugs at each time point was then used to mathematically evaluate the decay pattern of each molecule.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552251342214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T04:00:01Z","timestamp":1749614401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide: A mathematical evaluation of the decay of two highly reactive molecules"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6769-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Filosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofordrug srl, Spin-off universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola Antonio","family":"Colabufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofordrug srl, Spin-off universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di farmacia- Sceinze del farmaco, Universit\u00e0 degli studi di bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Leopoldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofordrug srl, Spin-off universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di farmacia- Sceinze del farmaco, Universit\u00e0 degli studi di bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Telesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Milella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmela","family":"Mazzoccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZItaly"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Tartarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio Prospero","family":"Colasurdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Health Management Department, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Lerose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm88040042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"886","article-title":"A cyclophosphamide\/DNA phosphoester adduct formed in vitro and in vivo","volume":"51","author":"Maccubbin AE","unstructured":"Maccubbin AE, Caballes L, Riordan JM, et al. A cyclophosphamide\/DNA phosphoester adduct formed in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 1991 Feb 1; 51: 886\u2013892. Erratum in: Cancer Res 1991 Jul 15;51(14):3829. PMID: 1988129.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612805666230110215458"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"5660","article-title":"Etoposide quinone is a redox-dependent topoisomerase II poison","volume":"50","author":"Jacob DA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jacob DA, Mercer SL, Osheroff N, et al. Etoposide quinone is a redox-dependent topoisomerase II poison. Bi-ochemistry 2011; 50: 5660\u201356677.","journal-title":"Bi-ochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212056200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/80.19.1526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Foye's Principles of medicinal chemistry","author":"Roche VF","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roche VF. Cancer and chemotherapy. In: Foye WO, Lemke TL, Williams DA (eds) Foye's Principles of medicinal chemistry. 6th ed. 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