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By documenting the challenges of managing chronic disease, acute trauma, and substance use disorders within a high-security environment, the author illustrates how incarceration functions as a primary determinant of health. Key themes include the role of physician advocacy in navigating institutional barriers, the ethical complexities of treating patients with criminal backgrounds, and the value of implementing strategies that align with both custodial and medical goals. The piece concludes that despite the restrictive nature of carceral settings, opportunities still exist for longitudinal relationship-building and humanistic care that can mitigate patient mistrust and promote health equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10783458261428403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:55:15Z","timestamp":1773233715000},"page":"247-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Medical Student\u2019s Reflection on Ethics and Advocacy while Rotating Through an Urban Jail"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9609-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Orlov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Blumgart J. (2017 December 8). How redlining segregated Philadelphia. Next City. Available from: https:\/\/nextcity.org\/features\/redlining-race-philadelphia-segregation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","volume-title":"Racial injustice report: Evaluating racial disparities in the Philadelphia criminal legal system","author":"Philadelphia District Attorney\u2019s Office","year":"2023","unstructured":"Philadelphia District Attorney\u2019s Office. (2023). Racial injustice report: Evaluating racial disparities in the Philadelphia criminal legal system (June) Philadelphia District Attorney\u2019s Office [PDF]."},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","article-title":"Influenza Outbreaks at Two Correctional Facilities\u2013Maine","volume":"61","author":"Robinson S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Robinson S., , Smith P., , Sears S. D., , Shubert J., , Reed C., , & Manning S. E. (2012). 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