{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T13:36:58Z","timestamp":1792849018256,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Correct Health Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The U.S. carceral health care system presents a unique opportunity to expand reproductive health services. Evidence suggests that women incarcerated in jails want to initiate contraception, but access varies across facilities and is limited by concerns about cost, reproductive coercion, and a lack of consistent policies. To better understand the reproductive health needs of rural incarcerated women, a cross-sectional study of women incarcerated in four rural Maine jails was conducted using a 59-question survey on contraceptive history, needs, and preferences. Seventy-three women with complex histories of trauma, substance use, and poor reproductive health outcomes completed the survey. There were low rates of contraceptive use prior to incarceration. Thirty-nine percent plan to use contraception following release despite only 15% desiring pregnancy. Most respondents felt that women incarcerated in jails should have access to permanent sterilization but were concerned about coercion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/10783458261449601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T12:52:48Z","timestamp":1778590368000},"page":"215-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Intersection of Incarceration and Reproductive Health: Contraceptive Perspectives of Women in Rural Maine Jails"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4098-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alane B.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Somerset County Jail, Madison, Maine, USA."},{"name":"MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA."},{"name":"MaineMOM, MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muskie School of Public Service, Public Health Program, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MaineMOM, MaineHealth Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muskie School of Public Service, Public Health Program, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2017.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Bersi M. (2024 April 11). Brutality behind bars: Forced sterilization in prisons. Public Health Post. https:\/\/publichealthpost.org\/health-equity\/brutality-behind-bars-forced-sterilization-in-prisons\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-025-00350-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Brown S. S. & Eisenberg L Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Unintended Pregnancy. (2019). Demography of Unintended Pregnancy. Nih.gov; National Academies Press (US). https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK232124\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jchc.19.07.0060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.062869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. (2021 July). Reproductive health care for incarcerated pregnant postpartum and nonpregnant individuals. 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CSG Justice Center. https:\/\/csgjusticecenter.org\/publications\/what-correctional-agencies-need-to-know-about-the-medicaid-section-1115-reentry-demonstration-opportunity\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2020.1769249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2021.306186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_372_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","unstructured":"Kajstura A. & Sawyer W. (2024 March 5). Women\u2019s mass incarceration: The whole pie 2024. 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Typical timeline for 1115 waiver review and implementation YEAR 2 YEAR 3 Public notice and tribal consultation Draft initial application. https:\/\/medicaiddirectors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/1115-Waiver-Timeline-04-12-24.pdf [Last accessed: October11 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","unstructured":"National Association of Medicaid Directors. (2024 January 9). Medicaid\u2019s changing role in re-entry from jails and prisons. National Association of Medicaid Directors. https:\/\/medicaiddirectors.org\/resource\/medicaids-role-in-re-entry-from-prison\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","unstructured":"National Council on Family Relations. (2018). How parental incarceration harms children and what to do about it [Review of how parental incarceration harms children and what to do about it. https:\/\/www.ncfr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2018-01\/How%20Parental%20Incarceration%20Harms%20Children%20NCFR%20Policy_Full%20Brief_Jan.%202018_0.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"NCCHC. (n.d.). NCCHC position statement: Women\u2019s health care in correctional settings POSITION STATEMENT women\u2019s health care in correctional settings. NCCHC. https:\/\/www.ncchc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Womens-Health-Care-in-Correctional-Settings-2020.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-020-00105-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"Pedersen T. (2024 November 11). How much is birth control without insurance? Healthline; Healthline Media. https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/how-much-is-birth-control-without-insurance#comparison."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/grf.0000000000000746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2015.302765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","unstructured":"Statista. (n.d.). Distribution of prisoners by sex and age U.S. 2019. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/624034\/distribution-of-prisoners-in-the-us-by-gender\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","unstructured":"Sterling K. (2025 July 2). Delivering care behind bars: How sick call reflects a system under pressure\u2014NCCHC resources. 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